Should Renewable Energy Be A Higher Concern Four Or...

The energy in our country is suffering, we have been powering with inefficient sources for years now and the harm that it is doing to the country has started to become apparent. Renewables are the only way to stop, or at the very least set back the inevitable downfall of our ecosystem. I think that the next big breakthrough for renewable energy is implementing off-grid communities that use renewable sources as their main sources of power, so that we can potentially escape the energy rut that we got ourselves stuck in. America is wasting their finite resource, such as coal and nuclear when we could actually be using renewable sources. Most of our countries citizens either have never thought about where their energy comes or they do not†¦show more content†¦In 2012, NREL found that together, renewable energy sources have the technical potential to supply 482,247 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually. This amount is 118 times the amount of electricity the nation currently consumes. However, it is important to note that not all of this technical potential can be tapped due to conflicting land use needs, the higher short-term costs of those resources, constraints on ramping up their use such as limits on transmission capacity, barriers to public acceptance, and other hurdles.† (*Add citation) (*Unfinished paragraph). It is a widely accepted fact that renewable energy would be highly beneficial to our country and the general well being of those living in our country. Instilling this new way of energy usage into our communities will inevitably increase the state of living for those in cities and other well populated areas. The change to renewable energy sources could drastically lower the pollutants currently being dispersed into the atmosphere by coal mines and other harmful power options, increasing the supply of renewable energy would allow us to replace carbon-intensive energy sources and significantly reduce U.S. global warming emissions†¦ a 25 percent by 2025 national renewable electricity standard would lower power plant CO2 emissions 277 million metric tons annually by 2025—the

2008 Ap English (Rhetorical Strategies) Free Essays

Barry expresses his use of rhetorical strategies through is book The Great Influenza, using anaphora, metaphors, tone, contrast, imagery, word choice, repetition of words, and ethos to drive his claim that being a scientist requires dealing with a huge amount of uncertainty, and takes courage, patience, and curiosity to succeed. Barry starts off with a comparison, an antithetical concept: certainty vs. uncertainty. We will write a custom essay sample on 2008 Ap English (Rhetorical Strategies) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with a universal truth, defining complete opposites, intensifies the revelation of the paradox in the second paragraph that scientists thrive on uncertainty. His use of anaphora further solidifies the wisdom that certainty is positive and uncertainty negative. As he goes on talking about what is required to become a scientist he uses a rather common strategy classification, as he lists traits, receiving the highest order of these traits are intelligence, curiosity, and purpose. â€Å"It is not the courage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"It is the courage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is yet another use of anaphora to refine connotations associated with â€Å"courage† through negation of common concepts. Ending his second paragraph with reference to Claude Bernard, Barry is using the famous rhetorical strategy ethos. On the third paragraph he is still talking about scientists but he switches from â€Å"To be a scientist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to â€Å"A Scientist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  changing from abstraction to practical. In this paragraph he also uses another reference to someone known and praised in the science world, this time Einstein. This could be looked at as ethos but also as an appeal to an authority. Initiating the thought of if he didn’t do it why should we. As he talks about how scientist could lose their â€Å"works† and â€Å"even beliefs† leaving them only to â€Å"believe in the process of inquiry† I take on pathos because that is powerful to think about losing everything, that definitely takes courage. But as he ends with â€Å"To move.. † your left with a hopeful tone. You could lose everything but you keep moving on. The next paragraph uses great rhetorical strategies, allusion, simile, and metaphor to build on top of each other creating intensity. â€Å"Through the looking glass† is an allusion suggesting going into a world that isn’t real r doesn’t appear to be. This leads to the simile â€Å"like a crystal†, which suggestion setting off a chain of events beyond the control of a scientist. Then ends with a metaphor â€Å"off a cliff† suggesting some steps could mean the end. As he proceeds to talk about a scientist career style of a scientist, he presents imagery of a scientist a work by creating a slight example with a shovel digging up dirt, asking a series of question to represent the thought process of a scientist. This imagery continues on to the next paragraph, and then in his ending paragraph the tone shifts. Not at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is a negation of previous paragraphs reminding you what is common to scientist’s id not in all scientists. The reputation of â€Å"experiments† and â€Å"yield†, changing the meaning: first meaning to produce as in â€Å"yielding a bumper crop† to suggest giving up as in â€Å"yielding to a superior force† Through Barry’s use of all of these rhetorical strategies, it is clear Barry is aware of the uncertainty science contains and the courage and strength it takes scientists to deal with this, and keep moving forward. How to cite 2008 Ap English (Rhetorical Strategies), Papers

Medias Effect on Body Image free essay sample

How realistic is the medias presentation of women? Women and men come In all shapes and size, yet constantly the media presents us with only one Image a very slender and unrealistic one. Only a small percentage of women actually look that way naturally. We forget when looking at these pictures that the best lighting and photographic equipment, hours with make-up artists and wardrobe assistants have been necessary to make these women look so natural. What is the media trying to do by constantly presenting us with unrealistic images?Deliberately convince us that we are not good enough as we are. To make us believe that in order to be happy, successful and popular we must change we must try and mirror the media image. Because for most of us our size, shape and facial features are not represented on the screen or in the magazines we begin to feel as though we are not good enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Medias Effect on Body Image or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We begin to believe that we need to change, that we should not be happy with our current appearances. What do you think is gained by having us believe that we need to change ourselves?There Is BIG money to be made In the name of Image creation. Large industries are flourishing because we have come to believe that we need their products and services In order to be wanted, needed, loved, happy and successful. Just think of all the cosmetics. Diet books, dietary products, dieting agencies, cosmetic surgeries the number of businesses which are thriving simply because we have been made to feel inadequate as we naturally are. How would these businesses survive if we were left to feel happy with ourselves? How does this all effect us?We are of course all affected in varying degrees. The pressure to feel dissatisfied with ourselves can lead to low self-esteem, even self-hatred. Some of us become obsessed with striving to achieve the media image. This can be time consuming, expensive and emotionally damaging and lead to physical Ill-health. Far from promoting health and happiness, these media Images encourage Illness. Some of us feel guilty when eating or swimming In public because out bodies are not good enough. Many turn to disordered eating patterns. Many have died as a result.How successful do you feel the media has been in convincing you and your friends that you need to change? Think about how differently you would feel about yourself if the slim media image was replaced with a wide variety of shapes and sizes just like the real world? What can you do about all this? Think carefully about the points raised here. Talk them over with your friends we are all being pressured by the media. We all want to be loved, desired, happy, feel needed and wanted but are those things that can really be bought, copied, or manufactured?Do happiness and popularity really come from a diet sheet, a pot of face cream or from a painful cosmetic surgery procedure? Suggestions Perhaps you and your friends can agree to help each other overcome media pressure by not encouraging each others diet and food fads, advo cating certain body shapes or endorsing right and wrong body shapes. Reduce the talk of losing weight and changing shape. Try not to wonder what your ideal body shape is and think more look at different shapes and sizes in a new light for what they are that there are many different types of beautiful.

Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay Essay Example

Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay Paper 1/A thesis proposal submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Management. College of Economics. Management and Development Studies. Cavite State University. Indang. Cavite. in partial fulfilment of the demands for graduation with the grade of Bachelor of Science in Business Management. major in Business Economics. Prepared under the supervising of Dr. Nelia C. Cresino. INTRODUCTION Soft drinks can follow their history back to the mineral H2O found in natural springs. Bathing in natural springs has long been considered a healthy thing to make and mineral H2O is said to hold healing powers. Scientists shortly discovered that gas carbonium or C dioxide is behind the bubbles in natural mineral H2O. Soft drinks by its term are drinks that are non alcoholic drinks. Carbonated soft drinks are besides referred to as sodium carbonate ( About. com. 2011 ) . What is particular about soft drinks is that it is really easy to happen and that all people could avail it. It is truly good in fulfilling thirst of an person. It gives a reviewing feeling particularly on a really hot conditions. Harmonizing to the research conducted by the Gale Group Farmington Hills Michigan ( 2008 ) . the soft drink industry began in the mid-1880s. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the early old ages. soft drinks were sold merely in shops that could supply fountain service. Increasing distribution was tied to constructing extra sirup fabrication workss. The first marketed soft drinks appeared in the seventeenth century as a mixture of H2O and lemon juice sweetened with honey. In 1676 the Compagnie de Limonadiers was formed in Paris and granted a monopoly for the sale of its merchandises. Sellers carried armored combat vehicles on their dorsums from which they dispensed cups of lemonade. Sari-sari shops remains the largest distribution channel in 2011. little vicinity retail mercantile establishments called sari-sari shops accounted for the largest proportion of gross revenues in soft drinks. Located in vicinities. these mercantile establishments make merchandises easy accessible to lower- and middle-income consumers. particularly in provincial countries where modern channels such as convenience shops and supermarkets are located in retail centres that are far from residential countries. It should besides be noted that Filipino consumers typically do non purchase in majority and shop soft drinks merchandises at place. Therefore. sari-sari shops become a convenient channel for purchasing soft drinks in the favorite smaller and returnable glass packaging ( euromonitor. 2011 ) . For franchise one will necessitate a batch of collateral. The sum is based on the country of distribution. Soft drink franchise is profitable. but one should hold to watch out for a batch of things where one can lose money like breakage. larceny. etc. The trader should be 200 % hands-on because of the hard currency and tonss of recognition that will be handled. Based on the trial on the gross revenues office of Coca-cola. Pepsi-cola every bit good as Royal Crown in Cavite there are 52 soft drinks traders in the state. Soft imbibe franchises every bit good as other concerns contribute to the betterment in the economic status of people in a certain country or field and the community in general. Therefore. the profitableness of its operation is deserving analyzing. Statement of the Problem Specifically. the survey seeks to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. What are the socio economic features of soft drink traders in Cavite? 2. What is the income of soft drinks traders in Cavite? 3. What is the profitableness of soft drinks franchise concern? 4. What are the jobs encountered in soft drinks franchise? Conceptual Framework. The model of the survey which is composed of the socio-economic features as the input. the franchise as the procedure and the net income as the end product is shown in Figure 1. The socio-economic features of the soft drink traders such as age. gender and educational background will be the used as input in runing a franchise concern. The end product which is the net income of the concern will be based from the input which will be processed in runing the concern to bring forth the net income. Figure 1. Conceptual model of the profitableness of the soft drinks franchise in Cavite. Aims of the Study Generally. the survey will be undertaken to find the profitableness of soft drinks franchise in Cavite. Specifically. it aims to: 1. describe the socio-economic features of soft drink traders in Cavite ; 2. determine the income of soft drinks traders in Cavite ; 3. determine the profitableness of soft drinks franchise in Cavite ; 4. identify the jobs encountered in soft drink franchise concern. Importance of the Study The prospective investors can utilize this information as footing in make up ones minding to come in into the soft drinks franchise concern. This will supply a good beginning of informations for their feasibleness survey. The pupil and research workers can utilize the consequence of the survey as mention to hold a deeper survey about soft drink franchise in Cavite and other related researches. From the consequence of the survey. the soft drinks trader will hold an thought of the current state of affairs of other traders and compare their pricing schemes with the other soft drink traders in Cavite. Scope and Limitation of the Study This survey will be conducted to analyse the profitableness of soft drink franchise in Cavite. It will be conducted from October to December 2012. The respondents will be the proprietors. directors. or owner-managers of soft drink franchise concern. The survey focused chiefly on the socio-economic features of the respondents. income of soft drink traders and jobs encountered in soft drinks franchise concern. Lone traders of soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Pepsi- Cola and Royal Crown will be interviewed. Accounting minutess for one twelvemonth period. 2011 will be included in the analysis of income. The information that will be used in the survey will be limited to what the respondents will supply during the interview. Operational Definition of Footings. Cost of sale refers to an disbursal incurred by soft drinks traders which is obtained by multiplying the monthly gross revenues volume by unit cost. Gross income refers to the monthly sum hard currency sum received by soft drink traders from the concern. Net net income refers to the entire hard currency sum left to the soft drink trader after subtracting all relevant disbursals from the entire gross revenues. Profitableness is the ability of soft drink traders to better the fiscal place of the concern. The ratios that will be used are: Gross Net income Margin. Operating Net income Margin and Net Net income Margin. Gross saless volume refers to the monthly measure of soft drink sold by soft drink traders. Soft drinks is the chief merchandise traded by the soft drink traders to their consumers. This include carbonated drinks such as Coca-cola. Pepsi- Cola and Royal Crown. Soft drinks traders refer to the individual who sells soft drinks for hard currency. Entire cost/ disbursal refers to all disbursals incurred by soft drink traders in a month. Entire gross revenues refers to the entire sum of soft drinks sold in a month. It is obtained by multiplying the unit merchandising monetary value by the monthly gross revenues volume. METHODOLOGY. This chapter will discourse the research process to be used in the survey. This will be presented in the undermentioned subdivision: 1. ) research design. 2. ) beginning of informations. 3. ) informations assemblage process. 4. ) research instrument. 5. ) method of analysis. Research Design The cross- sectional study research design will be used in analyzing the profitableness of soft drink franchise in Cavite. This design will ease happening the replies to inquiries on socio-economic features of soft drink traders. income of soft drink traders. profitableness of soft drinks franchise and the jobs encountered in soft drink franchise concern. In the cross sectional study design. informations will be collected at one point in clip from October to December 2012 from a sample selected from a population at the peculiar clip. Beginnings of Data The respondents for this survey will be the soft drinks traders in Cavite. A list of soft drink traders in every town was requested from the gross revenues office of the different companies such as Coca-cola. Pepsi- Cola and Royal Crown Cola in Cavite. viz. : Alfonso. Amadeo. Bacoor. Carmona. Cavite City. Dasmarinas City. Gen. Trias. Imus. Indang. Kawit. Maragondon Naic. Noveleta. Rosario. Tagaytay. Tanza and Trece Martirez City. Merely towns that have soft drink traders will be included in the survey. Data Gathering Procedure The information to be used in the survey will be gathered through interviews with the assistance of questionnaires. Trial to the different towns of Cavite will be done to find the figure of soft drinks traders. Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents by merchandises and by towns. A sum of 52 respondents will be included in the survey. Table 1. Distribution of respondents by merchandises and by towns. PRODUCT/TOWNFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE Pepsi- Cola Carmona 2 4 Bacoor 3 6 Dasmarinas 3 6 G. M. A. 1 2 Silang 3 6 Coca-cola Amadeo 1 2 Bacoor 4 7 Cavite City 1 2 Dasmarinas 3 6 Gen. Trias 2 4 Imus 2 4 Indang 1 2 Kawit 1 2 Maragondon 1 2 Naic 1 2 Rosario 3 6 Tagaytay 1 2 Tanza 2 2 Ternate 1 4 Trece 1 2 Royal Crown Cola Alfonso 1 2 Bacoor 2 4 Carmona 2 4 Cavite metropolis 1 2 Dasmarinas 1 2 Gen. Trias 1 2 Imus 3 6 Noveleta 1 2 Silang 1 2 Tanza 1 4 Martirez 1 2 Entire 52 100 Percent Research Instrument The questionnaire will be used as the chief assemblage tool of informations. The questionnaire is divided into 5 parts. The first portion is about the general information of the respondents. The 2nd portion will concentrate on the signifier of concern organisation. and the 3rd portion will focus on on the patterns and schemes in doing net income. The 4th and the last portion include the concern income and outgos of the soft drink traders and the jobs encountered in soft drink franchise. Method of Analysis Frequency count and per centum will be used to depict the socio-economic features of soft drink traders. factors impacting the income of soft drink traders and jobs encountered by soft drinks traders. Fiscal tool such as profitableness ratios will be used to mensurate the earning capacity of the concern. The ratios that will be used are: Gross Net income Margin. Operating Net income Margin and Net Net income Margin. Gross net income border. Measures the per centum of each peso gross revenues staying after the house has paid for its goods. The higher the gross net income border. the better. the lower the comparative cost of merchandize sale. Gross net income border = Gross net income Gross saless Operating net income border. It determines the per centum of each peso gross revenues that is represented by runing net incomes. It measures the overall operating efficiency and incorporates all the disbursals associated with the ordinary or normal concern activities. Operating net income border =net runing income Net gross revenues Net net income border. See income after cost. Operating cost and revenue enhancements have been deducted. Net net income border is divided by net income after revenue enhancements by net gross revenues. In analysing the income of soft drink traders the expression that will used to work out the net income is: NI =TS – TC Where: NI = net income TS = entire gross revenues TC =total cost Return on disbursals. Measures the gaining power of the concern for every peso spent. It is obtained by spliting the net income after revenue enhancements by the entire disbursals. ROE= net income after revenue enhancements Entire expense REVIEW 0F RELATED LITERATURE Carbonated Soft drinks Dealers Soft drinks are liquids which contains C dioxide. In the old ages that followed. many fluctuations of carbonated drinks. the procedure of carbonation can happen of course belowground or unnaturally. it is through supercharging. Examples of carbonated drinks include spring H2O. beer and sodium carbonate. or dad. Best illustration is Coca-Cola which is the family name all over the universe. Makers of carbonated drinks use caramel colourising more than any other colour in the nutrient industry. Carbonated drinks can by and large be 90 percent H2O. They are most normally associated with being non-alcoholic. although by definition beer is besides a carbonated drink ( Jeanne. 2011 ) . Harmonizing to the Pinoy Progress Philippines. Com. The Filipino Beverage Industry is composed of companies bring forthing ice tea drinks. soft drinks and Colas. energy drinks. milk. juice drinks and mineral H2O. In the soft drinks or soda class Coca-Cola and Pepsi of the US dominate. The soft drinks section of this industry right now is dominated still by the two American giants–Coke and Pepsi ( pinoyprogress. com2012 ) . Royal crown soft drinks are besides the taking trade name of soft drinks for the Filipinos. Geting Filipinos to appreciate RC Cola. a century-old trade name founded in Columbus. Georgia is something that the local bottlers of RC Cola have been making daily for the past eight old ages ( Manila Bulletin. May16. 2011 ) . Pepsi Cola Products Philippines reported its gross revenues figured being down to $ 2. 74 million in 2008 from $ 3 million in 2007. This is expected to be a consequence of people’s turning orientation towards healthier drink options ( Filipino Beverage Industry. 2009 ) . Consumption of and Gross saless of soft drinks The ingestion of carbonated soft drinks is high. and is fast making impregnation. So future growing in the Philippine soft drinks market is expected to come from non-carbonated soft drinks. says â€Å"Philippines Food and Drinks Market: Emerging Opportunities† . the latest research on the Filipino nutrient and drinks market ( Philippines Food and Drinks Market: Emerging Opportunities. Feb. 2009 ) . Status of gross revenues in soft drink industry has been good public presentation over the recent old ages. Enjoying high per capita ingestion among Asiatic states. The gross revenues of soft drinks are expected to come to make 6 Billion Liters in 2008. 23 % up over 2005 ( Philippines Food and Drinks Market: Emerging Opportunities. Feb. 2009 ) . Small retail mercantile establishment which is called sari- saree shops is accounted for the largest proportion of gross revenues in soft drinks. Because it is easy accessible to lower- and middle-income consumers. particularly in provincial countries where modern channels such as convenience shops and supermarkets are located in retail Centres that are far from residential countries ( Euromonitor. com2012 ) . In the Philippines. the competition in the carbonated drinks becomes stronger. The Coca-Cola Export Corp remains the unchallenged leader in the Philippine soft drinks class. The Coca-Cola Co is able to provide to lower-income consumers through its fully-owned subordinate Cosmos Bottling Corp. which manufacturer’s competitively-priced regional trade names ( Euromonitor. com2012 ) . Harmonizing to the research conducted by the Canadian Beverage Association ( 2009 ) . gross revenues tend to be seasonal. with higher ingestion happening during the hotter summer months. Unusually cold or showery conditions during the summer months can hold a negative impact on gross revenues. Aside for carbonated drinks. bottled H2O and fruit juice will be the most profitable in the non carbonated soft drinks in the market. Many factors impacting the gross revenues of soft drinks industry â€Å"Growing wellness consciousness and wellness safety concerns among Filipinos will be the cardinal make up ones minding factors of this growth† † . says an analyst at RNCOS. Other factors. including turning immature population. lifting income and switching consumer penchant are besides likely to add to the growing of wellness drink market in the state ( S. C 2009 ) . Problems Encountered by Soft drinks Industry Harmonizing to the research conducted by the Euromonitor’s squad. the twelvemonth of 2011 is a really ambitious twelvemonth for the soft drinks industry in the Philippines. Because of the economic back bead. shorter summer periods and higher inflationary force per unit area. the industry’s entire volume gross revenues contracted ( Euromonitor. com. 2012 ) . Increased competition from other non-alcoholic drinks. in peculiar bottled H2O. but besides drinks such as fruit/vegetable-based drinks. energy drinks. athleticss drinks and relaxation drinks. has given consumers more beverage picks. Changing consumer penchants and demographics. with a larger section of older consumers who are progressively concerned about their ain wellness. and concerns about fleshiness have resulted in an increased demand for new merchandises ( Canadian Beverage Association. 2009 ) .

Reader Piqued By French Mutilations

Reader Piqued By French Mutilations Reader Piqued By French Mutilations Reader Piqued By French Mutilations By Maeve Maddox Mari, one of our readers, writes: Perhapsyou could address a problem that seems to have reached epidemic proportions: the difference between pique, peek and peak. Recently I have been inundated with people giving sneak peaks and having their curiosity peeked. I pointed out the peak for peek spelling myself in an earlier article. Its an easy mistake to make since ee and ea are alternate English spellings for the long e sound. Misspelling the French word pique is a shame since it looks so cool. And theres not much excuse for doing so. English writers dont seem to have any trouble with the word unique which is spelled according to the same pattern. Mari is also troubled by the cutesy spelling of French Voil as Walla. while youre at it, perhaps you would add Voila I might be forced to blind myself if I see Walla again. I suppose that people who write Voil as walla may feel its closer to the French pronunciation, but even if it were, which it isnt that much, the weird spelling walla is confusing. It makes me think of wallah as in laundry wallah. When I googled walla, I discovered that the word actually has meanings. Walla is radio broadcasting jargon for a sound effect imitating the murmur of a crowd in the background. The word walla is a way of swearing by God in Arabic. Walla! is an Israeli internet news portal, search engine, and email service provider. While were on the subject of mutilations of French expressions, heres one that gets me. chaise longue a chair that holds up the sitters legs; a deck chair Americans long ago changed the longue, meaning long, to lounge, since that is what one does on such a chair. Chaise lounge no longer bothers me, but I do have expectations regarding the pronunciation of chaise, My preferred pronunciation is /shez/, but Ill even settle for /chaiz/. The fingernail scraped the blackboard, however, when I watched a Wal-mart television ad for lawn furniture the other evening. The cheery salesman wanted to sell his customer a chase lounge. Here are a few other French words and expressions that should be written or spoken with care. chic /sheek/ stylish coup de grà ¢ce /ku dÉ™ grahs/ (literally mercy blow) killing a wounded creature to end its suffering. dà ©j vu /day jah voo/ (literally, already seen) the feeling that one is experiencing an event that has happened previously. It is NOT amusing when people say dà ©j vu all over again. faux /foe/ (false) jewelers often advertise faux pearls. Copywriters must take care not to write ads offering genuine faux pearls. fiancà © /fee ahn say/ man engaged to be married fiancà ©e /fee ahn say/ woman engaged to be married hors doeuvre /or derve/ (literally out of or apart from the work, i.e., the main course) Thought: People who write walla for voil probably say /hors duvers/ for hors doeuvres. risquà © /ris kay/ off-color, naughty, as in a risquà © joke. RSVP (abbreviation for Rà ©pondez sil vous plaà ®t, Reply if it pleases you) Added to invitations for which the host wishes to know if the guest is coming or not. Please RSVP is redundant, but common. visvis /vee zah vee/ (literally face to face) The French meaning was once more common in English than it is now. Dancers were said to dance visvis. There was a style of horse-drawn coach called a visvis in which passengers sat facing one another. Now, however, visvis is used more often to mean in relation to as in these headlines: Senior Citizens vis a- vis the Indian Society Vietnam vis a vis Iraq in Congressional DebateLessons Learned? Or Biases Deeply Ingrained? NATION-STATES VIS-A-VIS ETHNOCULTURAL MINORITIES The headlines also illustrate the various ways that visvis is written in English. Voil! /vwah lah/ (There it is!) If you decide to eschew the walla spelling, take a close look at the vowels and the direction of the accent mark. Dont write voil or viol. voir dire /vwar deer/ (literally to see to say) a legal term youve probably heard on Law and Order. It refers to jury selection. So, spice up your speech and writing with French words and expressions. Just dont mutilate them when you do. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†9 Forms of the Past Tense

Definition and examples of Alphabet

Definition and examples of Alphabet An alphabet is made up of the letters of a language, arranged in the order fixed by custom. Adjective: alphabetic. The basic principle of alphabetic writing is to represent a single sound (or phoneme) of a spoken language by a single letter. But as Johanna Drucker notes in The Alphabetic Labyrinth (1995), This phonetic writing system is at best an approximation. The orthography of English, for instance, is notoriously plagued by inconsistencies and peculiarities. The First Alphabet In about 1500 B.C., the worlds first alphabet appeared among the Semites in Canaan. It featured a limited number of abstract symbols (at one point thirty-two, later reduced to twenty-two) out of which most of the sounds of speech could be represented. The Old Testament was written in a version of this alphabet. All the worlds alphabets descend from it. After the Phoenicians (or early Canaanites) brought the Semitic alphabet to Greece, an addition was made that allowed the sounds of speech to be represented less ambiguously: vowels. The oldest surviving example of the Greek alphabet dates from about 750 B.C. This is, via Latin and give or take a few letters or accents, the alphabet in which this book is written. It has never been improved upon. (Mitchell Stephens, The Rise of the Image, the Fall of the Word. Oxford University Press, 1998) The Greek Alphabet [T]he Greek alphabet was the first whose letters recorded every significant sound element in a spoken language in a one-to-one correspondence, give or take a few diphthongs. In ancient Greece, if you knew how to pronounce a word, you knew how to spell it, and you could sound out almost any word you saw, even if youd never heard it before. Children learned to read and write Greek in about three years, somewhat faster than modern children learn English, whose alphabet is more ambiguous. (Caleb Crain, Twilight of the Books. The New Yorker, Dec. 24 31, 2007)The Greek alphabet ... is a piece of explosive technology, revolutionary in its effects on human culture, in a way not precisely shared by any other invention. (Eric Havelock, The Literate Revolution in Greece and Its Cultural Consequences. Princeton University Press, 1981) While the alphabet is phonetic in nature, this is not true of all other written languages. Writing systems ... may also be logographic, in which case the written sign represents a single word, or ideographic, in which ideas or concepts are represented directly in the form of glyphs or characters. (Johanna Drucker, The Alphabetic Labyrinth. Thames, 1995) Two Alphabets English has had two different alphabets. Prior to the Christianization of England, the little writing that was done in English was in an alphabet called the futhore or runic alphabet. The futhore was originally developed by Germanic tribes on the Continent and probably was based on Etruscan or early Italic versions of the Greek alphabet. Its association with magic is suggested by its name, the runic alphabet, and the term used to designate a character or letter, rune. In Old English, the word run meant not only runic character, but also mystery, secret.As a by-product of the Christianization of England in the sixth and seventh centuries, the English received the Latin alphabet. (C.M. Millward, A Biography of the English Language, 2nd ed. Harcourt Brace, 1996) The Dual Alphabet The dual alphabetthe combination of capital letters and small letters in a single systemis first found in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. It was widely acclaimed for its clarity and attractiveness, and exercised great influence on subsequent handwriting styles throughout Europe. (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2005) The Alphabet in an Early English Dictionary If thou be desirous (gentle Reader) rightly and readily to understand, and to profit by this Table, and such like, then thou must learne the Alphabet, to wit, the order of the Letters as they stand, perfectly without book, and where every Letter standeth: as b near the beginning, n about the middest, and t toward the end. (Robert Cawdrey, A Table Alphabetical, 1604) The Lighter Side of the Alphabet Educational television ... can only lead to unreasonable disappointment when your child discovers that the letters of the alphabet do not leap up out of books and dance around with royal-blue chickens. (Fran Lebowitz) Writers spend three years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. (attributed to Richard Price)Dr. Bob Niedorf: Name as many mammals as you can in 60 seconds. Ready? Go.George Malley: Hmm. 60 seconds. Well, how would you like that? How about alphabetical? Aardvark, baboon, caribou, dolphin, eohippus, fox, gorilla, hyena, ibex, jackal, kangaroo, lion, marmoset, Newfoundland, ocelot, panda, rat, sloth, tiger, unicorn, varmint, whale, yak, zebra. Now varmint is a stretch; so is Newfoundland (thats a dog breed); unicorn is mythical; eohippus is prehistoric. But you werent being very specific, now, were you, Bob?Dr. Bob Niedorf: Well! Ahh, Ill, uhIll try to be more specific.(Brent Spiner and John Travolta, Phenomenon, 1996) EtymologyFrom the Greek,  alpha  Ã‚  beta Pronunciation: AL-fa-BET

The Role of Nurses in the Prevention, Care, and Management of Suicide Essay

The Role of Nurses in the Prevention, Care, and Management of Suicide - Essay Example The first section of the paper identifies the nature and symptoms of suicide. Nurses should be aware of the nature, signs and symptoms of suicide and the factors contributing to suicide risk. Determining who are at risk should be done immediately to prevent suicide, thus the second part of this paper determines the preventive measures that must be done to control the situation. The third part discusses the proper care for patients at risk of suicide. Although care for patients with suicide tendency is the main responsibility of psychologists and psychiatrists, nurses contribute to the wellness of the patients and the continuity of the recovery program. The fifth part suggests follow up actions that nurses can perform to ensure complete recovery of patients with suicide tendency. The sixth part gives the conclusion and summarises all the important points in the prevention, care and management of suicide cases in the hospital setting. The role of the nurse in the prevention, care, and management of suicide among hospital patients is very significant. The nurses are the ones who have the most direct and frequent contact with the patients, thus they may affect the mood and emotional condition of patients with suicide tendency. The case of suicidal patients is very sensitive, thus nurses should be equipped with the relevant knowledge and skills to identify and care for patients attempting to commit suicide.... e case of suicidal patients is very sensitive, thus nurses should be equipped with the relevant knowledge and skills to identify and care for patients attempting to commit suicide. The number of suicide cases in the UK has decreased in the past years (Joint Commission Resources 2007). Nevertheless, this does not make suicide less of a problem. The World Health Organisation declared suicide as a major global health concern, accounting for approximately one million cases worldwide annually (Voice of America 2009). Currently, it is one of the three leading causes of death for young people under 25. This rate makes suicide a serious problem in the field of health care. To address this issue, patients with suicide tendency should be identified right away for counselling and other relevant interventions. In the hospital level, nurses can help to address the problem by assessing and reporting the behaviour of patients. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to know the signs of suicide to ef fectively act and elicit efforts from the concerned people to initiate prevention of suicide attempts and manage proper care of the patient. Currently, only a few nursing studies have addressed suicide specifically (Fitzpatrick and Wallace 2005; Bryan and Rudd 2011). Study and assessment of suicide cases revealed poor patient assessment, limited communication, and knowledge deficit of professional staff about suicide. In this regard, it is imperative for every nurse or health worker in general to be aware of the behavioural signs that can manifest as part of suicide risk. Also, it is important to understand the nature of suicide ideation and the factors that could lead a person to commit suicide. Suicide Prevention Suicide ideation or tendency results usually from depression. When people

E-learning as a Tool for Human Resource Management Essay

E-learning as a Tool for Human Resource Management - Essay Example But it really is the HR manager himself, who needs all these knowledge vis--vis his role of retaining all these bright employees and stemming the tide of employee dissatisfaction in the sphere of compensation, job motivation and morale. He must be constantly updated with all the latest techniques. He needs retraining himself in interpersonal and leadership skills and must bone up on actual case studies in order to learn from the failings or success of others and must improve his communication skills and find the possible causes for high turnover rates, if such is presently bedeviling the corporation itself. The heaviest load thrown in his shoulders, however, is the maximisation of employee performance. And this can be done by a sound and efficient organisation that keeps "all programs and initiatives aligned to a framework of increased performance" (Stockley 2005, p.1). Literature Review Many authors of HRM literature point out to e-learning as the panacea to all the above problems . Human resource management, itself is defined as "a set of interdependent personnel policies to maximise 4 objectives: organisational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality" (Clark 1993, p.3). E-learning, meanwhile, is defined as "learning facilitated and supported through the use of information and communications technology" (Lingham 2008, p.1). It is also "the "use of the internet or an organizational intranet to conduct training on-line". By intranet, he is referring to a... This essay stresses that HRM must deal with this aspect in conjunction with its traditional roles of recruitment, training, performance appraisal and salary administration. This paper declares that e-learning, meanwhile, is defined as â€Å"learning facilitated and supported through the use of information and communications technology†. It is also â€Å"the â€Å"use of the internet or an organizational intranet to conduct training on-line†. By intranet, he is referring to a â€Å"private organizational network behind firewall software that restricts access to authorised users, including employees participating in learning†. This is more germane to my proposal of the setting up of e-learning in banks and making it an effective tool for HRM. Today’s literature is replete with enthusiasm about this modern literacy that is permeating practically all facets of society. It is called a â€Å"technological revolution that is bringing democratic changes to our society† and describes how the US Education Department and independent research institutes and universities consider the urgency of the implementation to maximise the u se of e-learning in their organisations. E-learning since the last decades has already gained foothold in homes and thus virtually everybody is acquainted with it as people communicate with friends or loved ones through the internet or by e-mail. So it is not beyond comprehension that this could have myriads of uses and could be useful as tool for human resource management, specifically in banks.

Scientific Evidence in Support of a Mind-Body Connection Essay Example for Free

Scientific Evidence in Support of a Mind-Body Connection Essay Descartes’ most famous words—Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am)—are so powerful because of their intrinsic validity; no one can question their truth. Nevertheless, what follows from this premise in Meditations on the First Philosophy is Descartes’ thesis that mind and body are completely separate and distinct entities (page 139). He also believed that because of this separation, the mind is unaffected by and can outlive the body (insert page #). In contrast to the undeniable and well-founded nature of Descartes’ â€Å"cogito ergo sum†, these declarations are both inexact and under-justified. It is impossible for the mind and the body to be separate. To properly argue this point I present my own logical train of thought (in the Descartes tradition) starting with Descartes foundational idea of being a mere â€Å"thinking thing†. The mind cannot be without perceptions, which cannot be conveyed in the absence of senses. It follows that to have senses, one must have a body outfitted with sensory equipment. Because of this close association and mutual dependence the mind and the body share, it follows that if the body is affected in some way, so too will the mind be. As for matters of the spirit or soul, perhaps it is an element inhabiting the mind and the body as one, as they are inseparable. In the Meditations on the First Philosophy, Descartes begins the creation of an intellectual rebirth; building up from the foundation of his knowledge in assessing the validity of information conveyed to him by his senses. Starting in the third meditation, Descartes begins to doubt everything, stating that because he has learned everything through his unreliable senses, he can know nothing for certain apart from the fact that he is actively doubting (page #). Descartes deduces himself to a mere â€Å"thinking thing† (page #), a lone entity floating in space with nothing but intellect for company. What should have instantly dismissed the idea of the possibility of being a mere â€Å"thinking thing† from the very start of the meditation is the fact that Descartes could not rationally deny his own senses. Descartes’ willingness to believe that he may not have senses betrays an underlying fact in order to have any kind of information or ideas to actively deny, one must necessarily have senses which transmit information to the mind about the physical world outside the intellect. Descartes own ideas of the world, memories, and perceptions serve as evidence of communication from the outside world to his mind—even if he chooses to reject what was transmitted as hopelessly flawed. Descartes himself asserts that something cannot come from nothing (page #). By this logic, a â€Å"thinking thing† cannot know what to think unless given a foundational mental archive of information. Without experiencing anything outside of itself and not receiving any stimulus from the senses, thoughts would be impossible for a thinking thing. The fact that Descartes is trying to deny information he previously believe to be true proves that his mind has gleaned knowledge from outside of itself by some means of sensory extension. For example, when people think, they do it with the aid of language. Descartes never once explains or considers the fact that he is thinking in a language—a tool that obviously had to be learned from an outside source. While a similar conclusion is eventually reached in Meditation VI, the acknowledgement of the senses should have been first verity—clear beyond a reasonable doubt. After having accepting the fact that senses are indisputably real, one naturally comes to recognize the need of a body, since there must be some kind of extension through which the senses convey information. Again, using Descartes undeniable assertion that something cannot come form nothing; it must be true that senses have a physical reality. They must have this in order to interpret and communicate information about a physical world. A body is a means of physical extension by which the senses operate. Since one can be certain that senses are real, and because the senses have constantly conveyed information of the presence of a body, one can rationally be certain that the body too, is real. Baby.   Throughout all of his meditations, Descartes maintains that the mind is purely a â€Å"thinking thing† (page #) med II. This is the position of Antonio Damasio in Descartes’ Error: â€Å"the comprehensive understanding of the human mind requires an organism perspective; that not only must the mind move from a nonphysical cogitum to the realm of biological tissue, but it must also be related to a whole organism possessed of integrated body proper and brain and fully interactive with a physical and social environment.† (page #) There is no way of proving that the mind can exist without a body. Our way of experiencing seemingly intangible mental activity may be no more than the phenomenon of chemical signaling between neurons in the brain and throughout the body. It is not impossible that there could exist a purely â€Å"mental† realm outside of our physical awareness, however because our minds are so tightly intertwined with our bodies, we have no sure way of knowing. What we can be sure of is that our minds have a physical basis in our bodies. What must next be argued based on what has been established above are Descartes assertions regarding divisibility of the body verses the mind. In Meditation VI, Descartes comes to decide that though there is some inexplicable means by which the mind and body are linked, they remain two different things. Based on this assumption, he comes to decide that the mind is indivisible while the body, by design, is divisible (page 139). Descartes does not provide a solid logical argument for his assertion. When discussing the divisibility of the body, Descartes abandons his style of lengthy and well-thought-out line of reasoning. Rather, he holds that an amputee, though physically divided from a limb, would suffer no mental alteration. While it is true that a person can survive after losing a foot, it is also true that the mind loses access to all of the information the lost foot would have conveyed about the world: ground motion and temperature, texture, and surrounding material. The foot also gave the body the ability to walk, run, and balance. In this example, division of the body through the loss of a limb would lead to a void of information in the mind. Every component constituting the body is considered and accounted for in the mind. When thinking of doing something or going somewhere, the mind takes in to account all advantages and hindrances of possible future actions and analyzes a plan of action. The mind does this constantly and mostly, unconsciously. In the absence of an appendage the mind must adjust and re-diagram plans of action. It must also make up for the fact that it has lost all of the sensory input that once came from the lost appendage. Certainly in the case of losing more vital parts of the body such as a lung or heart, the mind would be deprived not only of the sensory input, but also of a resource needed to survive; it would be physically altered beyond repair. For these reasons, it is evident that the body is not so easily divisible as Descartes, never having lost a limb himself, implies. In regards to conditions of the mind, Descartes’ chief reason for asserting that the mind is indivisible is that upon introspection, he can only understand himself to be one complete thing. In making this statement about the mind, Descartes is not referring to the brain; rather, he is referring to an entity outside of the brain. An intangible intelligence. As previously discussed, as far as we can rationally prove, the brain and the mind are one in the same. Because The Meditations on the First Philosophy was meant to be an analysis on gaining certainty of reality using a systematic and rational method, the consideration of indivisibility of the mind must be argued in terms of the brain. One of the most famous, more modern examples proving the divisibility of the brain is the case of Phineas Gage. Though there were undoubtedly many cases of people surviving brain damage in the time when Descartes lived, the accident endured by Phineas Gage is well known and well documented. Phineas Gage is a man made famous for his survival of an accidental lobotomy. After being impaled by a metal rod through the frontal lobe of his brain, Phineas Gage remarkably, made a full corporeal recovery. However, following the accident, there was evidence of profound personality change. (Source)   From all that we humans have learned about ourselves in the ways our mentality works, evidence such as brain damage, and its capability to completely change a person, this seems evidence enough that our minds are divisible; that they are an ever-changing entities that can survive in cases of severance. As far as a â€Å"soul† is concerned, we have no solid evidence proving any such thing exists. So how can Descartes scientifically speculate matters regarding its characteristics, and particularly, its possible â€Å"divisibility†? The case of Phineas Gage   reinforces the argument that the mind and body are not, divisible; those unhealthy in the mind are also unhealthy in the body, and vise versa. One cannot be whole without the company of the other. As for matters of the soul, they are purely speculative as they cannot be supported by any kind of evidence, and should be left to faith alone.   [Author: You need to source the Gage case in the text and in your References at the end] Despite inconsistencies in Descartes’ treatise, his ideas continue to challenge conventional wisdom, just as they offered a new perspective to people trapped in the close-minded society of his day. Descartes provoked readers to think for themselves, an action which was at that time punishable by death. Though he would never fully know the extent to which he affected society, his dream of stimulating new ways of thinking became a global phenomenon that continues in the contemporary world.   If it is essentially the â€Å"soul† to which Descartes is referring when he uses the Latin word for â€Å"mind†, than by Descartes own standards laid out in his Discourse on Method, specifically, his rule to never believe anything to be true unless he himself can prove it (insert page #), it can never be proven, for one would have to die first to be sure. References Damasio, A.R. (1994). Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Putnam Publishing. Descartes, Philosophical Essays and Correspondence (cir.1641). Translation by Donald Cress (1993). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Grassian, S. (1983). Psychopathological Effects of Solitary Confinement. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1450-1454. Grassian, S. Friedman, N. (1986). Effects of Sensory Deprivation in Psychiatric Seclusion and Solitary Confinement. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 8, 49-65. Sutker, P. et al. (1991). Cognitive Deficits and Psychopathology Among Former Prisoners of War and Combat Veterans of the Korean Conflict. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 67-72.

The Problem of Power in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Problem of Power in Macbeth      Ã‚   "Power poisons every man who covets it for himself" (Chute 126). In the Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, the character, Macbeth, kills the respected King Duncan in his quest for power. However, during his rule, Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. His drive for power and maintaining his power is the source of his downfall. Macbeth is not meant to have authority beyond Thane of Cawdor. When Macbeth is king, he does not use his authority judiciously.    Macbeth's eventual demise is by virtue of his obsession for power and retaining his power. Before he desired the power of being king, Macbeth was a respected noble. He was labeled, "brave Macbeth" (Act I, scene, ii, line 16) for his actions in battle. During a conversation between Duncan and the Captain, the Captain describes how Macbeth brutally slew the rebel Macdonwald:    Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, ... Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements (act I, scene, ii, lines 17- 23).    In his speech, the Captain describes Macbeth's violence to indicate what a good warrior he is thus showing that he has respect for Macbeth. Once Macbeth became king, he became overpowered with keeping his authority. Macbeth realized that he was being used just so that Banquo's sons can inherit the throne:       They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding (act III, scene 1, lines 60-64).    Macbeth feeling this way convinces a pair of men to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. By having Banquo and Fleance murdered, Macbeth believes that it will prevent Banquo's sons from becoming king. Macbeth also hires the murderers to kill Macduff's family. This demonstrates Macbeth's obsession because it indicates that Macbeth values his power over his friends. His obsession with power causes Macbeth to feel guilty and lose his sanity. Macbeth's guilt and loss of sanity is indicated in the hallucinations he experiences. His first hallucination occurs just before killing King Duncan. Macbeth sees "A dagger of the mind, a false creation" (act II, scene I, line 38). The Problem of Power in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework The Problem of Power in Macbeth      Ã‚   "Power poisons every man who covets it for himself" (Chute 126). In the Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, the character, Macbeth, kills the respected King Duncan in his quest for power. However, during his rule, Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. His drive for power and maintaining his power is the source of his downfall. Macbeth is not meant to have authority beyond Thane of Cawdor. When Macbeth is king, he does not use his authority judiciously.    Macbeth's eventual demise is by virtue of his obsession for power and retaining his power. Before he desired the power of being king, Macbeth was a respected noble. He was labeled, "brave Macbeth" (Act I, scene, ii, line 16) for his actions in battle. During a conversation between Duncan and the Captain, the Captain describes how Macbeth brutally slew the rebel Macdonwald:    Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, ... Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements (act I, scene, ii, lines 17- 23).    In his speech, the Captain describes Macbeth's violence to indicate what a good warrior he is thus showing that he has respect for Macbeth. Once Macbeth became king, he became overpowered with keeping his authority. Macbeth realized that he was being used just so that Banquo's sons can inherit the throne:       They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding (act III, scene 1, lines 60-64).    Macbeth feeling this way convinces a pair of men to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. By having Banquo and Fleance murdered, Macbeth believes that it will prevent Banquo's sons from becoming king. Macbeth also hires the murderers to kill Macduff's family. This demonstrates Macbeth's obsession because it indicates that Macbeth values his power over his friends. His obsession with power causes Macbeth to feel guilty and lose his sanity. Macbeth's guilt and loss of sanity is indicated in the hallucinations he experiences. His first hallucination occurs just before killing King Duncan. Macbeth sees "A dagger of the mind, a false creation" (act II, scene I, line 38).

Health Care Delivery Systems Essay

Abstract The American health care system is designed to focus on the organizations of individuals, places, and to treat and prevent adequate health care for the target populations. The federal government conducts an immense portion of delivering health care systems in our world today. The purpose for health care delivery systems is to provide financial tangible benefits and provide health care services for the population and institutions. The results showed for the support of the hypothesis is elaborating in the importance of different health care delivery systems and the purpose in how they are utilized in today’s health reform. Running Head: Health Care Delivery Systems Essay Health Care Delivery Systems Health care systems engage the initial contact of people and it is the foundation of primary health care. In order to receive primary health care it begins with providing a service to families, people, and communities through health professionals and their teams. The Health care delivery systems is involved with a proactive method to prevent health issues and to better ensure the organization and to investigate once a health issue has transpired. In addition, these type of services are publicly funded from general tax revenues without direct charges to the patient (Health Canada, 2011). The most two similar forms of health care delivery systems is managed care systems ex. (HMO) and fee for service (FFS). The fee for service plan is generally called Traditional Indemnity (Website 101, 2009). Fee for service offers flexible measures for the exchange of drastically high out of pocket expenses, it also requires a substantial amount of paperwork and premiums are high. Furthermore, some advantages are having the privilege in selecting hospitals and physicians of your own, and having the opportunity in receiving treatment from a specialist without a primary doctor referral. The disadvantages are high deductibles and the patient is responsible of paying twenty percent and the physicians are obligated to reimburse eighty percent of the expensive. Also, fee for service solely pays for â€Å"reasonable  and customary† health issues (website, 101). Doctors may have a different medical fee opposed to other areas, and the patients are obligated to pay their portion that is instated in health plan coverage. However, HMO is the less expensive and less flexible of all medical coverage’s. The advantages are consist of less paperwork and low copayments. It provides for a portion of improvement health preventive care plans. Unfortunately, there is disadvantages that the health care holder will experience with in choosing a PCP which is a primary care physician, and the HMO plan only accepts a network of their physicians or they will not stand up to the obligation of their financial transaction argument. In addition, in order for the client to see a specialist they must obtain a referral from their PCP. The expression Alternative Delivery Systems is created to entail all techniques of health care delivery systems barring acceptable fee-for-service and private practice like IPAs, PPOs, HMOs, and all other health care systems that provide health care of who conducts organized care systems. (http://aspe.hhs.gov/Progsys/forum/mcobib.htm). For example, Managed Care is a health care delivery system that merges payment and the delivery. It also accesses the use of treatments by engaging organization strategies creating to enhance the growth of cost-effective in the delivery of health care. Managed health care plan is a system that assimilates any management with in accordance of finance that delivers health care services of the covered population. In contrast, PPO also known Preferred Provider Organization is the delivery system that commits with medical care providers who gives discounted fees to clients. Nevertheless, clients have the opportunity to give health care to participants who are not members but can potentially become financial penalized due to any action of seeking out side providers and face consequences of not receiving discount and any deductibles of one’s health care plan and copayments. Goals of Health Care Delivery Systems. The reason HMO’s are unique because they prepaid and they are managed care systems that initially were health care alternative to fee-for-service health care. There goals is to obtain affordable and comprehensive health care coverage. This plan is conducted in advance by the option of a fixed fee from all members. Moreover, HMO delivers minimal cost for medical services that are needed for patients, and this health plan is responsible  in conducting the deliver and finance portion of the medical health care services. They also arrange to provide the essential medical care which includes the benefit packages. Prepaid Health Plans (PHP) is known â€Å"to help make quality health care affordable for groups of people, including farmers, blue collar workers and their families† (Ahern, 2007) . In contrast, the traditional health care insurance only funds health coverage for hospital visits, and enrolled insures that receive health coverage in prepaid plans is charged a predetermined for acute and preventive health care from doctors who work in hospitals. As for PPOs, their health care philosophy originally was to create simple concepts in delivering health care services to large groups with lower rates in order to substantially gain a business development for their management. To emphasize, insures can select their own physician’s however penalties can potentially occur if they are not with the network. This form of health coverage is engaged in receiving adequate power with lower health care prices for their clients in the standing of the dense health care system in America. The fee for service (FFS) is ultimately focusing in creating options to approach paid private insurances to gain more control relating with time and the forms of treatment. FFS is designed to reflect on an ideal perspective for private health care plans, instead of government-administered pricing and giving proper recognition in private health care plans that can utilize health care organizations productively. This method will enhance quality and proficie ncy in delivering a regenerated approach in the health care industry (Nicolas, O’ Malley, 2007). Mission Statement If I had full control of conducting a health care delivery system I would focus in offering health care insurance for businesses, government organizations, people, families, groups, and schools. Also, I feel flexibility is significant for the process of selecting your own choice of primary doctors in the same network and receive great service with affordable payments. The health care delivery system will project and promote exceptional quality health care service is the HMO plan. This health plan will contribute in supporting by over exceeding expectations of all parties which includes employees, communities, work force, stake holders, investors, and customers.

To Kill A Mockingbird and Chapter

Week 1 Introducing â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† [pic] By the end of this week students should be able to: †¢ Complete a journal entry of their understanding of the novel. To Kill A Mockingbird The main text for study this semester is To Kill a Mockingbird, a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. The novel is loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbours, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown when she was 10 years old. Lee's novel is widely taught in schools in English speaking countries with lessons that tie into tolerance and prejudice.The novel addresses themes such as courage, racial injustice, the death of innocence, tragedy, and coming of age, set against a backdrop of life in the Deep South. The character of Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers, and a singular model of integrity for lawyers. One writer noted its impact in saying, â€Å"In the twentieth centu ry, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird has proven to be not only an extraordinarily influential book, but a controversial one as well. Initially perceived as a novel addressing racial justice, To Kill a Mockingbird has been the target of various campaigns to have it removed from public classrooms, often for its use of racial epithets. Reading Goals and Workbook Before delving into the book make yourself regular reading goals. These will help you stay motivated with your reading and not forget any characters or important details! Two or three chapters a day or 30 minutes of reading each day is an excellent start. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech?Also know your â€Å"peak time†. People work best at different times of the day, and only you know when you work most efficiently. Figure out when you seem to be more focused and organise your reading around that! This semester you will also be keeping a workbook (word document or exercise book); which you will be submitting at the end of the semester. There will be certain tasks we will be asking you to complete in your workbook and which you can post in My Online Journal in Janison if you wish to share these with other students.You should use your workbook as a tool to jot down your initial responses to topics, your reflections on particular ideas and so on. You can review and reflect upon your weekly work in your workbook. This is similar to the weekly reflections you completed at the end of each week in semester 1. You can also use your workbook to build up your English vocabulary. Every time you c ome across an unknown or unfamiliar word jot it down in your workbook and then work out its definition. If you choose to post some of your reflections online, you will find instructions on how to do this on pages 9-10.However, be mindful that if you choose to post your reflections online it will be accessible by other students and teachers. Therefore, if you do not wish to share your personal thoughts/reflections with others then you should not post these online. Instead it would be best to use a workbook (word document or exercise book) to store these reflections, and only post the required ‘Journal’ tasks online To Kill A Mockingbird Guide To Kill A Mockingbird is a great read! It is divided into two parts and comprises a total of thirty-one chapters. Part one introduces us to Maycomb and its inhabitants and the three major storylines in the novel:In Part two the racism in their community is revealed to the children through the trial of Tom Robinson. They learn about the positive and negative sides to human nature and solve the mystery of Boo Radley. Below and over the next few pages are questions that should help you find what is important in the novel and could prove useful for you understanding the plot, characters and themes in the book. Also they could be useful when you need to refer back to each chapter during your study of ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’. You do not have to answer the questions; they can act as points to summarize what happens in each chapter.However, you can choose to answer these questions by recording them in your workbook, or you can use chapter questions as a guide to writing a short summary about each chapter. Chapter-by-Chapter questions Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I know†¦ As you read the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, list five important things that you already knew about life in America in the 1930’s and five important things that you have learned. This task can be completed in you’re My Online Journal if you wish. If you complete it online, let your teacher know the date of your entry. I Knew†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | | Now I know†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | |Instructions for Setting up your Online Blog†¦ Go to www. distance. vic. edu. au and click on online courses. Your login is your DECV number and your password is your 8 digit date of birth, yearmonthday. For example, if your date of birth is 15th June 1992, then your password is 19920615. (Note that this is the backwards version of how you would normally write your birth date. ) Once you have logged in on the left side you will notice a tool bar with a list of all the subjects you are doing with the DECV. Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10.The front page of the Year 10 English course will open. Go to the left side tool bar and Click on ‘My Online Journal’. My Online Journal area will open. Now it is time to make your first journal entry. Go to the right side of the ‘My Online Journal’ page and click on Create New Entry under the heading ACTIONS. A new page will open up titled EDIT/CREATE BLOG ENTRY. Tick the box USE TEXT EDITOR. The page will automatically refresh. You will notice that the Text Editor works like a Microsoft Word document. So anything you can do in a word document you can do on this page.Experiment a little bit with the different tools before you make your blog entry. You need to use the Create New Entry and USE TEXT EDITOR buttons every time you make a new blog entry. Always remember to save before posting your blog entry. If you need help to get started with your Blog, do not hesitate to contact your teacher. This week you should be spending time reading the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†. As you read, remember to take notes in your Journal; it is a long novel and a lot of information to retain. [pic] End of Week 1 315 Clarendon Street, Thornbury 3071 | | |Telephone (03) 8480 0000 | | |FAX (03) 9416 8371 (Despatch) | | |Toll free (1800) 133 511 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |STUDENT NUMBER _________________ | | | | | |STUDENT NAME ____________________ | | | | | |___________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Fix your student barcode | | |label over this space. | | | | | | | | | | |30401 | | |[30401] | |SUBJECT |English 4 | | | | | | | | |[ZX] | |YEAR/LEVEL |10 |WEEK |1 | | |TEACHER |________________________ | | PLEASE ATTACH WORK TO BE SENT. NOTE: Please write your number on each page of your work which is attached to this page. SEND |Please check that you have attached: | ? Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I Know†¦ If you have not included any of these items, please explain why not. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Use the space on the back of this sheet if you have any questions you would like to ask, or problems with your work that you would like to share with your teacher. | |YOUR QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER’S COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER | ———————– Chapter 1: What do you learn in this chapter about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family? What do you learn about Dill's character? What, briefly, has happened to Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley. Why does the Radley place fascinate Scout, Jem and Dill? What do you notice about the narrative voice and viewpoint in the novel? Chapter 2: Why is Scout so looking forward to starting sc hool?Why does Jem not want anything to do with Scout at school? Is his behaviour typical of an older child? What do you think of Miss Caroline Fisher as a teacher? Can you find qualities which would make her good or not so good at her job? Chapter 3: Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household? What is Walter Cunningham like? What does his behaviour during lunch suggest about his home life? What do you think of the way Atticus treats Walter? Does Scout learn anything from Walter's visit? What do you think this is? Atticus says that you never really understand a person â€Å"until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. What does this mean? Is it an easy thing for Scout to learn? In the last chapter of the novel, Scout repeats this, but she changes â€Å"skin† to â€Å"shoes† – this is probably not a mistake: Harper Lee suggests that Scout cannot clearly recall exactly what Atticus said and when, but the reader can check this! ) What do you learn in this chapter about the Ewells? Chapter 4: What does Scout think of current fashions in education? What superstitions do the children have in connection with the Radley house? Why do the children make Boo's story into a game? What do they do in this game? Do you think the game is an accurate version of what happens in the Radleys' home? What might be the cause of the laughter from inside the house? Chapter 5: Describe Miss Maudie Atkinson? How typical is she of Maycomb's women? What do the children think of her?What does Miss Maudie tell Scout about Boo? How does this compare with what Scout already believes? Scout claims that â€Å"Dill could tell the biggest ones † (lies) she ever heard. Why might Dill have told such lies? What reasons does Atticus give for the children not to play the Boo Radley game? Do you think he is right? Why? Chapter 6: Why does Scout disapprove of Jem's and Dill's plan of looking in at one of the Radleys' windows? What does Mr. Natha n Radley know about the intruders in his garden? Why does Miss Stephanie refer to a â€Å"negro† over whose head Mr. Nathan has fired? Why does Dill's explanation of Jem's state of dress almost land him in trouble? Chapter 7:When Jem tells Scout about getting his trousers back, he tells her of something strange. What is this? Can you find any evidence that Jem is beginning to understand more than Scout about Boo Radley? What do you think this is? Does Jem still fear the gifts in the tree? Give reasons for your answer. When the children plan to send a letter to the person who leaves the gifts, they are prevented. How does this happen? Who does it, and why might he do so? Chapter 8: Why does Scout quiz Atticus about his visit to the Radley house? How much does Atticus tell her? What is the â€Å"near libel† which Jem puts in the front yard? How do Miss Maudie and Atticus react to it? Why does Atticus save Miss Maudie's oak rocking chair?When Atticus asks Scout about the blanket around her shoulders, what does Jem realize? Explain what Atticus means by telling Jem not to let his discovery â€Å"inspire † him to â€Å"further glory†? Is there any reason why Jem might now do as his father says? Chapter 9: How well does Atticus feel he should defend Tom Robinson? Is it usual for (white) lawyers to do their best for black clients in Alabama at this time? Scout and Jem have â€Å"mixed feelings† about Christmas? What are these feelings and why? Uncle Jack Finch tells Scout that she is growing out of her pants. What does this mean and why might he say it? When Francis talks to Scout he reveals an unpleasant feature of Aunt Alexandra. What is this?Does Scout learn anything from overhearing Atticus's conversation with Uncle Jack? What might this be? Read the final sentence of this chapter. Explain in your own words what it means and why it might be important in the story. Chapter 15: What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? What was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape.How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion? Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like? Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adu lts good at knowing how clever young people are?How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 10: Scout says that â€Å"Atticus was feeble†. Do you think that this is her view as she tells the story or her view when she was younger? Does she still think this after the events recorded in this chapter? In this chapter Atticus tells his children that â€Å"it's a sin to kill a mockingbird†. What reason does he give for saying this? Why does Heck Tate not want to shoot Tim Johnson? Near the end of this chapter Atticus cuts off Heck Tate as he is speaking to Jem.What might Heck have been about to say, and why would Atticus want to stop him from saying it? Jem and Scout have different views about telling people at school how well Atticus can shoot. Explain this difference. Which view is closer to your own? Chapter 11 Ho w does Atticus advise Jem to react to Mrs. Dubose's taunts? What does Mrs. Dubose say about the children's mother? How does Jem feel about this? What request does Mrs. Dubose make of Jem? Is this a fair punishment for his â€Å"crime†? Explain in your own words what Atticus thinks of insults like â€Å"nigger-lover†. How far do you agree with him? Why, in Atticus's view, was Mrs. Dubose â€Å"a great lady†? Atticus says that Mrs.Dubose is a model of real courage rather than â€Å"a man with a gun in his hand†. What does he mean? Do you think he is right? Chapters ten and eleven are the last two chapters in the first part of the book. Explain why Harper Lee chooses to end the first part here. Chapter 12: Comment on Jem's and Scout's visit to First Purchase church. What new things does Scout learn here about how the black people live? What does Scout learn from Calpurnia's account of Zeebo's education? Explain why Calpurnia speaks differently in the Finch h ousehold, and among her neighbours at church. Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like?Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adults good at knowing how clever young people are? How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape. How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion?Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 23: What do you th ink of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom? Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies?At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960.Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since then, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil man†. Is she right? In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 15:What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? Wha t was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 16: What â€Å"subtle change† does Scout notice in her father? What sort of person is Dolphus Raymond? How does Reverend Sykes help the children see and hear the trial? Is he right to do? Comment on Judge Taylor's attitude to his job. Does he take the trial seriously or not? Chapter 17 What are the main points in Heck Tate's evidence?What does Atticus show in his cross-examination of Sheriff Tate? What do we learn indirectly of the home life of the Ewell family in this chapter? What do you learn from Bob Ewell's evidence? Why does Atticus ask Bob Ewell to write out his name? What does the jury see when he does this? Chapter 19: What made Tom visit the Ewell's house in the first pl ace? Why does Scout think that Mayella Ewell was â€Å"the loneliest person in the world†? In your own words explain Mayella's relationship with her father. How does Dill react to this part of the trial? Why is this, in your opinion? Chapter 18: Is Mayella like her father or different from him? In what ways?What might be the reason for Mayella's crying in the court? How does Mayella react to Atticus's politeness? Is she used to people being polite? How well does Mr. Gilmer prove Tom's guilt in the eyes of the reader (you) and in the eyes of the jury? Can you suggest why these might be different? Chapter 21: What does Jem expect the verdict to be? Does Atticus think the same? What is unusual about how long it takes the jury to reach a verdict? Is the verdict predictable or not? As Scout waits for the verdict, she thinks of earlier events. What are these and how do they remind us of the novel's central themes? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil m an†. Is she right?In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up?Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960. Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since t hen, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 23: What do you think of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom?Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies? At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 31: How do the events of the final chapters explain the first sentence in the whole novel? Comment on the way the writer s ummarizes earlier events to show their siginificance. How does Scout make sense of an earlier remark of Atticus's as she stands on the Radley porch?How much of a surprise is it to find what Boo Radley is really like? Has the story before this point prepared the reader for this discovery? At the end of the novel, Atticus reads to Scout. Comment on his choice of story. Does it have any connection with themes earlier in the novel and in its ending? Chapter 30: Who does Atticus think caused Bob Ewell's death? Why does Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell's death was self-inflicted? In what way is this partly true? Is Heck Tate right to spare Boo then publicity of an inquest? Give reasons for your answer. How does the writer handle the appearance, at the end of the story, of Boo Radley? Chapter 29:What causes the â€Å"shiny clean line† on the otherwise â€Å"dull wire† of Scout's costume? What explanation does Atticus give for Bob Ewell's attack? What does Heck Tate give as the reason for the attack? Do you think the sheriff's explanation or Atticus's is the more likely to be true? Chapter 28: Comment on the way this chapter reminds the reader of earlier events in the novel. Why does Jem say that Boo Radley must not be at home? What is ironic about this? (Is it true? Does he really mean it? Why might it be important for him and Scout that Boo should not be at home? ) Scout decides to keep her costume on while walking home. How does this affect her understanding of what happens on the way?Why had Atticus not brought a chair for the man in the corner? Who might this stranger be? Chapter 27: What three things does Bob Ewell do that alarm Aunt Alexandra? Why, according to Atticus, does Bob Ewell bear a grudge? Which people does Ewell see as his enemies, and why? What was the purpose of the Halloween pageant? What practical joke had persuaded the grown ups to have an organized event? Chapter 26: In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that â€Å"we (American people) don't believe in persecuting anyone†. What seems odd to the reader about this claim? Why is Scout puzzled by Miss Gates' disapproval of Hitler? Why does Scout's question upset Jem?Is there a simple answer, or any answer, to the question â€Å"How can you hate Hitler an’ then turn around an be ugly about folks right at home? † Chapter 25: How does Maycomb react to the news of Tom's death? Comment on the idea that Tom's death was â€Å"typical†? Explain the contrast Scout draws between the court where Tom was tried and â€Å"the secret courts of men's hearts†. In what way are hearts like courts? Why did Jem not want Scout to tell Atticus about Bob Ewell's comment? Was this a wise thing to ask her to do? Chapter 24: Do you think the missionary ladies are sincere in worrying about the â€Å"Mrunas† (a tribe in Africa)? Give reasons for your answer.Compare the reactions of Miss Maudie and the other ladies when Scout says she is wearing he r â€Å"britches† under her dress. What is your opinion of the Maycomb ladies, as depicted in this chapter? Explain briefly how Tom was killed. What is Atticus's explanation for Tom's attempted escape. Do you think agree with Atticus? How, in this chapter, do we see Aunt Alexandra in a new light? How does Miss Maudie support her? Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10 List of all your DECV Subjects Click on Create new entry Enter Your Journal title: Week 1 Activity 1 Your Full Name Date and time will automatically show Tick USE TEXT EDITOR Click to insert pictureYou can change the style, size and colour of your text font Once you are happy with your entry click Save Type your text here [pic] For Content: Kennedy Melissa, The Heinemann English Project Text Study: To Kill A Mockingbird, Heinemann, 2008 http://www. universalteacher. org. uk/gcse/mockingbird. htm For Images: http://www. theseattletraveler. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/to-kill-a-mockingbird-at-intiman-theatre. jpg ht tp://www. dvdbeaver. com/film/DVDReviews17/a%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review/title%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review%20. JPG http://www. amazon. com/gp/customer-media/product gallery/0446310786/ref=cm_ciu_pdp_images_all To Kill A Mockingbird and Chapter Week 1 Introducing â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† [pic] By the end of this week students should be able to: †¢ Complete a journal entry of their understanding of the novel. To Kill A Mockingbird The main text for study this semester is To Kill a Mockingbird, a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. The novel is loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbours, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown when she was 10 years old. Lee's novel is widely taught in schools in English speaking countries with lessons that tie into tolerance and prejudice.The novel addresses themes such as courage, racial injustice, the death of innocence, tragedy, and coming of age, set against a backdrop of life in the Deep South. The character of Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers, and a singular model of integrity for lawyers. One writer noted its impact in saying, â€Å"In the twentieth centu ry, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird has proven to be not only an extraordinarily influential book, but a controversial one as well. Initially perceived as a novel addressing racial justice, To Kill a Mockingbird has been the target of various campaigns to have it removed from public classrooms, often for its use of racial epithets. Reading Goals and Workbook Before delving into the book make yourself regular reading goals. These will help you stay motivated with your reading and not forget any characters or important details! Two or three chapters a day or 30 minutes of reading each day is an excellent start. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech?Also know your â€Å"peak time†. People work best at different times of the day, and only you know when you work most efficiently. Figure out when you seem to be more focused and organise your reading around that! This semester you will also be keeping a workbook (word document or exercise book); which you will be submitting at the end of the semester. There will be certain tasks we will be asking you to complete in your workbook and which you can post in My Online Journal in Janison if you wish to share these with other students.You should use your workbook as a tool to jot down your initial responses to topics, your reflections on particular ideas and so on. You can review and reflect upon your weekly work in your workbook. This is similar to the weekly reflections you completed at the end of each week in semester 1. You can also use your workbook to build up your English vocabulary. Every time you c ome across an unknown or unfamiliar word jot it down in your workbook and then work out its definition. If you choose to post some of your reflections online, you will find instructions on how to do this on pages 9-10.However, be mindful that if you choose to post your reflections online it will be accessible by other students and teachers. Therefore, if you do not wish to share your personal thoughts/reflections with others then you should not post these online. Instead it would be best to use a workbook (word document or exercise book) to store these reflections, and only post the required ‘Journal’ tasks online To Kill A Mockingbird Guide To Kill A Mockingbird is a great read! It is divided into two parts and comprises a total of thirty-one chapters. Part one introduces us to Maycomb and its inhabitants and the three major storylines in the novel:In Part two the racism in their community is revealed to the children through the trial of Tom Robinson. They learn about the positive and negative sides to human nature and solve the mystery of Boo Radley. Below and over the next few pages are questions that should help you find what is important in the novel and could prove useful for you understanding the plot, characters and themes in the book. Also they could be useful when you need to refer back to each chapter during your study of ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’. You do not have to answer the questions; they can act as points to summarize what happens in each chapter.However, you can choose to answer these questions by recording them in your workbook, or you can use chapter questions as a guide to writing a short summary about each chapter. Chapter-by-Chapter questions Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I know†¦ As you read the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, list five important things that you already knew about life in America in the 1930’s and five important things that you have learned. This task can be completed in you’re My Online Journal if you wish. If you complete it online, let your teacher know the date of your entry. I Knew†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | | Now I know†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | |Instructions for Setting up your Online Blog†¦ Go to www. distance. vic. edu. au and click on online courses. Your login is your DECV number and your password is your 8 digit date of birth, yearmonthday. For example, if your date of birth is 15th June 1992, then your password is 19920615. (Note that this is the backwards version of how you would normally write your birth date. ) Once you have logged in on the left side you will notice a tool bar with a list of all the subjects you are doing with the DECV. Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10.The front page of the Year 10 English course will open. Go to the left side tool bar and Click on ‘My Online Journal’. My Online Journal area will open. Now it is time to make your first journal entry. Go to the right side of the ‘My Online Journal’ page and click on Create New Entry under the heading ACTIONS. A new page will open up titled EDIT/CREATE BLOG ENTRY. Tick the box USE TEXT EDITOR. The page will automatically refresh. You will notice that the Text Editor works like a Microsoft Word document. So anything you can do in a word document you can do on this page.Experiment a little bit with the different tools before you make your blog entry. You need to use the Create New Entry and USE TEXT EDITOR buttons every time you make a new blog entry. Always remember to save before posting your blog entry. If you need help to get started with your Blog, do not hesitate to contact your teacher. This week you should be spending time reading the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†. As you read, remember to take notes in your Journal; it is a long novel and a lot of information to retain. [pic] End of Week 1 315 Clarendon Street, Thornbury 3071 | | |Telephone (03) 8480 0000 | | |FAX (03) 9416 8371 (Despatch) | | |Toll free (1800) 133 511 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |STUDENT NUMBER _________________ | | | | | |STUDENT NAME ____________________ | | | | | |___________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Fix your student barcode | | |label over this space. | | | | | | | | | | |30401 | | |[30401] | |SUBJECT |English 4 | | | | | | | | |[ZX] | |YEAR/LEVEL |10 |WEEK |1 | | |TEACHER |________________________ | | PLEASE ATTACH WORK TO BE SENT. NOTE: Please write your number on each page of your work which is attached to this page. SEND |Please check that you have attached: | ? Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I Know†¦ If you have not included any of these items, please explain why not. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Use the space on the back of this sheet if you have any questions you would like to ask, or problems with your work that you would like to share with your teacher. | |YOUR QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER’S COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER | ———————– Chapter 1: What do you learn in this chapter about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family? What do you learn about Dill's character? What, briefly, has happened to Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley. Why does the Radley place fascinate Scout, Jem and Dill? What do you notice about the narrative voice and viewpoint in the novel? Chapter 2: Why is Scout so looking forward to starting sc hool?Why does Jem not want anything to do with Scout at school? Is his behaviour typical of an older child? What do you think of Miss Caroline Fisher as a teacher? Can you find qualities which would make her good or not so good at her job? Chapter 3: Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household? What is Walter Cunningham like? What does his behaviour during lunch suggest about his home life? What do you think of the way Atticus treats Walter? Does Scout learn anything from Walter's visit? What do you think this is? Atticus says that you never really understand a person â€Å"until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. What does this mean? Is it an easy thing for Scout to learn? In the last chapter of the novel, Scout repeats this, but she changes â€Å"skin† to â€Å"shoes† – this is probably not a mistake: Harper Lee suggests that Scout cannot clearly recall exactly what Atticus said and when, but the reader can check this! ) What do you learn in this chapter about the Ewells? Chapter 4: What does Scout think of current fashions in education? What superstitions do the children have in connection with the Radley house? Why do the children make Boo's story into a game? What do they do in this game? Do you think the game is an accurate version of what happens in the Radleys' home? What might be the cause of the laughter from inside the house? Chapter 5: Describe Miss Maudie Atkinson? How typical is she of Maycomb's women? What do the children think of her?What does Miss Maudie tell Scout about Boo? How does this compare with what Scout already believes? Scout claims that â€Å"Dill could tell the biggest ones † (lies) she ever heard. Why might Dill have told such lies? What reasons does Atticus give for the children not to play the Boo Radley game? Do you think he is right? Why? Chapter 6: Why does Scout disapprove of Jem's and Dill's plan of looking in at one of the Radleys' windows? What does Mr. Natha n Radley know about the intruders in his garden? Why does Miss Stephanie refer to a â€Å"negro† over whose head Mr. Nathan has fired? Why does Dill's explanation of Jem's state of dress almost land him in trouble? Chapter 7:When Jem tells Scout about getting his trousers back, he tells her of something strange. What is this? Can you find any evidence that Jem is beginning to understand more than Scout about Boo Radley? What do you think this is? Does Jem still fear the gifts in the tree? Give reasons for your answer. When the children plan to send a letter to the person who leaves the gifts, they are prevented. How does this happen? Who does it, and why might he do so? Chapter 8: Why does Scout quiz Atticus about his visit to the Radley house? How much does Atticus tell her? What is the â€Å"near libel† which Jem puts in the front yard? How do Miss Maudie and Atticus react to it? Why does Atticus save Miss Maudie's oak rocking chair?When Atticus asks Scout about the blanket around her shoulders, what does Jem realize? Explain what Atticus means by telling Jem not to let his discovery â€Å"inspire † him to â€Å"further glory†? Is there any reason why Jem might now do as his father says? Chapter 9: How well does Atticus feel he should defend Tom Robinson? Is it usual for (white) lawyers to do their best for black clients in Alabama at this time? Scout and Jem have â€Å"mixed feelings† about Christmas? What are these feelings and why? Uncle Jack Finch tells Scout that she is growing out of her pants. What does this mean and why might he say it? When Francis talks to Scout he reveals an unpleasant feature of Aunt Alexandra. What is this?Does Scout learn anything from overhearing Atticus's conversation with Uncle Jack? What might this be? Read the final sentence of this chapter. Explain in your own words what it means and why it might be important in the story. Chapter 15: What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? What was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape.How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion? Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like? Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adu lts good at knowing how clever young people are?How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 10: Scout says that â€Å"Atticus was feeble†. Do you think that this is her view as she tells the story or her view when she was younger? Does she still think this after the events recorded in this chapter? In this chapter Atticus tells his children that â€Å"it's a sin to kill a mockingbird†. What reason does he give for saying this? Why does Heck Tate not want to shoot Tim Johnson? Near the end of this chapter Atticus cuts off Heck Tate as he is speaking to Jem.What might Heck have been about to say, and why would Atticus want to stop him from saying it? Jem and Scout have different views about telling people at school how well Atticus can shoot. Explain this difference. Which view is closer to your own? Chapter 11 Ho w does Atticus advise Jem to react to Mrs. Dubose's taunts? What does Mrs. Dubose say about the children's mother? How does Jem feel about this? What request does Mrs. Dubose make of Jem? Is this a fair punishment for his â€Å"crime†? Explain in your own words what Atticus thinks of insults like â€Å"nigger-lover†. How far do you agree with him? Why, in Atticus's view, was Mrs. Dubose â€Å"a great lady†? Atticus says that Mrs.Dubose is a model of real courage rather than â€Å"a man with a gun in his hand†. What does he mean? Do you think he is right? Chapters ten and eleven are the last two chapters in the first part of the book. Explain why Harper Lee chooses to end the first part here. Chapter 12: Comment on Jem's and Scout's visit to First Purchase church. What new things does Scout learn here about how the black people live? What does Scout learn from Calpurnia's account of Zeebo's education? Explain why Calpurnia speaks differently in the Finch h ousehold, and among her neighbours at church. Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like?Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adults good at knowing how clever young people are? How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape. How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion?Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 23: What do you th ink of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom? Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies?At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960.Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since then, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil man†. Is she right? In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 15:What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? Wha t was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 16: What â€Å"subtle change† does Scout notice in her father? What sort of person is Dolphus Raymond? How does Reverend Sykes help the children see and hear the trial? Is he right to do? Comment on Judge Taylor's attitude to his job. Does he take the trial seriously or not? Chapter 17 What are the main points in Heck Tate's evidence?What does Atticus show in his cross-examination of Sheriff Tate? What do we learn indirectly of the home life of the Ewell family in this chapter? What do you learn from Bob Ewell's evidence? Why does Atticus ask Bob Ewell to write out his name? What does the jury see when he does this? Chapter 19: What made Tom visit the Ewell's house in the first pl ace? Why does Scout think that Mayella Ewell was â€Å"the loneliest person in the world†? In your own words explain Mayella's relationship with her father. How does Dill react to this part of the trial? Why is this, in your opinion? Chapter 18: Is Mayella like her father or different from him? In what ways?What might be the reason for Mayella's crying in the court? How does Mayella react to Atticus's politeness? Is she used to people being polite? How well does Mr. Gilmer prove Tom's guilt in the eyes of the reader (you) and in the eyes of the jury? Can you suggest why these might be different? Chapter 21: What does Jem expect the verdict to be? Does Atticus think the same? What is unusual about how long it takes the jury to reach a verdict? Is the verdict predictable or not? As Scout waits for the verdict, she thinks of earlier events. What are these and how do they remind us of the novel's central themes? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil m an†. Is she right?In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up?Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960. Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since t hen, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 23: What do you think of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom?Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies? At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 31: How do the events of the final chapters explain the first sentence in the whole novel? Comment on the way the writer s ummarizes earlier events to show their siginificance. How does Scout make sense of an earlier remark of Atticus's as she stands on the Radley porch?How much of a surprise is it to find what Boo Radley is really like? Has the story before this point prepared the reader for this discovery? At the end of the novel, Atticus reads to Scout. Comment on his choice of story. Does it have any connection with themes earlier in the novel and in its ending? Chapter 30: Who does Atticus think caused Bob Ewell's death? Why does Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell's death was self-inflicted? In what way is this partly true? Is Heck Tate right to spare Boo then publicity of an inquest? Give reasons for your answer. How does the writer handle the appearance, at the end of the story, of Boo Radley? Chapter 29:What causes the â€Å"shiny clean line† on the otherwise â€Å"dull wire† of Scout's costume? What explanation does Atticus give for Bob Ewell's attack? What does Heck Tate give as the reason for the attack? Do you think the sheriff's explanation or Atticus's is the more likely to be true? Chapter 28: Comment on the way this chapter reminds the reader of earlier events in the novel. Why does Jem say that Boo Radley must not be at home? What is ironic about this? (Is it true? Does he really mean it? Why might it be important for him and Scout that Boo should not be at home? ) Scout decides to keep her costume on while walking home. How does this affect her understanding of what happens on the way?Why had Atticus not brought a chair for the man in the corner? Who might this stranger be? Chapter 27: What three things does Bob Ewell do that alarm Aunt Alexandra? Why, according to Atticus, does Bob Ewell bear a grudge? Which people does Ewell see as his enemies, and why? What was the purpose of the Halloween pageant? What practical joke had persuaded the grown ups to have an organized event? Chapter 26: In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that â€Å"we (American people) don't believe in persecuting anyone†. What seems odd to the reader about this claim? Why is Scout puzzled by Miss Gates' disapproval of Hitler? Why does Scout's question upset Jem?Is there a simple answer, or any answer, to the question â€Å"How can you hate Hitler an’ then turn around an be ugly about folks right at home? † Chapter 25: How does Maycomb react to the news of Tom's death? Comment on the idea that Tom's death was â€Å"typical†? Explain the contrast Scout draws between the court where Tom was tried and â€Å"the secret courts of men's hearts†. In what way are hearts like courts? Why did Jem not want Scout to tell Atticus about Bob Ewell's comment? Was this a wise thing to ask her to do? Chapter 24: Do you think the missionary ladies are sincere in worrying about the â€Å"Mrunas† (a tribe in Africa)? Give reasons for your answer.Compare the reactions of Miss Maudie and the other ladies when Scout says she is wearing he r â€Å"britches† under her dress. What is your opinion of the Maycomb ladies, as depicted in this chapter? Explain briefly how Tom was killed. What is Atticus's explanation for Tom's attempted escape. Do you think agree with Atticus? How, in this chapter, do we see Aunt Alexandra in a new light? How does Miss Maudie support her? Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10 List of all your DECV Subjects Click on Create new entry Enter Your Journal title: Week 1 Activity 1 Your Full Name Date and time will automatically show Tick USE TEXT EDITOR Click to insert pictureYou can change the style, size and colour of your text font Once you are happy with your entry click Save Type your text here [pic] For Content: Kennedy Melissa, The Heinemann English Project Text Study: To Kill A Mockingbird, Heinemann, 2008 http://www. universalteacher. org. uk/gcse/mockingbird. htm For Images: http://www. theseattletraveler. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/to-kill-a-mockingbird-at-intiman-theatre. jpg ht tp://www. dvdbeaver. com/film/DVDReviews17/a%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review/title%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review%20. JPG http://www. amazon. com/gp/customer-media/product gallery/0446310786/ref=cm_ciu_pdp_images_all