GPS-GSM based Rail Signaling and Tracking System

GPS-GSM based Rail Signaling and Tracking System Abstract: In this paper, we propose a system for monitoring, tracking, and automating the trains. In contrast to the existing methods, we employ a global position system (GPS) and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). The messages are sent and each train is individually tracked. We utilize signaling techniques like GPS and GSM, which provide information to the loco pilot proactively. The proposed system has advantages in terms of communication range and accuracy with respect to wi-fi based rail tracking method. The work has potential applications in bad weather and emergency situations like collision. Keywords: Train Tracking, Collision Detection, Collision Avoidance, GPS, GSM, Railway Signaling. I. INTRODUCTION Railway tracking in the countries like United States, Russia, China, and India assumes significant attention. The railways traverse the length and breadth of the country and carry over billions of passengers and million tons of freight daily. In recent years, a hectic problem around the world is regarding traffic densities. This is not uncommon in railway sectors either. We often hear about the word train collision and its huge impact on precious human life and time. With great passion for this issue, the paper proposes the solution for this grave problem. Especially if we consider the case of Indian railway, most of the train tracking is based on manual entry from stations. The railway is always looking for the specific tracking methodologies, which will provide prior state of the train before arriving to the station. The GPS-GSM tracking system overcomes many problems like multiple aspect color light signaling, relay interlocking, and various kinds of block working, point operation and train tracking. The proposed system is applicable for reducing the damages to a greater extent and it is helpful to both railway system and loco pilot. Uvaraja et al. presents advanced pre-warning system (Railways). The proposed system is an upgrade of the existing train protection warning system (TPWS) and Anti-collision device (ACD) systems. The system makes use of radio frequency identification (RFID), FLIR cameras and other embedded systems [3]. Immanuel et al. proposes real time wireless based train tracking, track identification and collision avoidance system for railway sectors [4]. Shaik et al. presents rail tracking system (RTS). For transmission and receiving of the information, GPS is utilized. A message exchange link is given between rail tracking system and control room based on the GPS. The location of the train is tracked using GSM technology herein [7, 8]. K. Vidyasagar et al. proposes signaling based system that utilizes radio frequency and infrared technology for train tracking. This paper utilizes a switching logic methodology, technique to meet the issues of the train tracking method. This work also focuses to map the train on the display screen [6]. The above systems have constraints in real time; most of these constraints can be overcome in the proposed GPS-GSM based technique. The objective of this paper is to monitor, track and automate trains based on GPS-GSM techniques. The subsequent section of this paper is organized as follows: In Section II, we describe the GPS-GSM modules used for tracking purposes. Section III discusses the performance evaluation of the GPS-GSM module for tracking of the train. Section IV concludes the paper and discusses the potential future work. II. GPS-GSM MODULES FOR TRACKING AND SIGNALING The proposed system consists of two parts, tracking and signaling. Both tracking and signaling are carried out with the help of GPS and GSM modules. A. RAILWAY TRACKING USING GPS-GSM TECHNIQUE Our proposed method for tracking and signaling relies greatly on the wireless communication. It uses GPS and GSM for the communication between trains and operation centres. When each train gets their own module, it connects using GPS to obtain their position. The module which is mounted on the train sends the position and train details using GSM technology proactively. This data is received by a central sever, which in turn sends this data to the trains on that track and operation centers. Hence, within the required distance, if any train is traversing in a same track can read this data and can calculate the distance the two trains. Therefore, based on the distance between two trains, the various alarm levels are raised, when the distance is less than predefined threshold. Then, the proposed system (Train mounted Module) starts warning the driver to avoid the collision occurrence. The proposed system responds quickly and avoids the train collisions. The Figure 1 illustrates the flow chart of the GSM-GPS based rail tracking system. The distance between the trains can be calculated using latitude and longitude provided by the GPS module. Haversine formula can be used for this calculation and given in terms of inverse tangent formula to obtain the great circle distance between two locations. The formula for calculation of distance using GPS coordinate s is . Where  signaling terminologies: red signifies stop instantly before entering the next track section occupied by an ahead train; yellow shows move ahead with reasonable speed (45 km/h) as far as the signal. Green signal illustrates that the subsequent track is not occupied and the train may enter that particular section at the maximum possible speed. In heavily rush tracks; two other signal terminologies are also utilized. Two yellow lights show the restricted speed, and one yellow and one green light show the reduced speed. The working of our system is illustrated with an example of two trains A and B. Suppose there are two trains A and B on the same track, As the GPS co-ordinates of the signal post are fixed, we directly encode those positions in the module so that when the train A which is ahead of the train B crosses the signal position and signal is changed to red, the signal which is changed is directly fed into the train B using GSM module and we can show the current signal of the signal post on a screen in the locomotive. In this way it is helpful for loco pilots to observe the signal during bad weather and low visibility conditions. III. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION In this section, experimental setup, hardware details, results and their analysis are provided. A. Experimental Setup Main module used in this work is SIM 908 Module, which has GPS, GSM and GPRS combined and Arduino UNO board. Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328 as shown in Figure 3. It has 14 digital input, output pins and 16 Analog pins. It can be communicated to the computer via USB cable. All sensors and communicating devices are connected using microcontroller. SIM908 is integrated with a GSM-GPRS technique that is of high performance and a GPS engine as shown in Figure 4. The GSM-GPRS technique is a quad-band module that works on different frequencies like EGSM 900MHz, PCS 1900MHz, DCS 1800MHz, and GSM 850MHz. SIM908 utilizes GPRS multi-slot class 10 and class 8 and CS-1 to CS-4 coding schemes are employed herein. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 5. Figure  trains are subsequently calculated using GPS coordinates and warning system as shown in Figure 6, 7 and 8. Signaling of the train is also achieved successfully. Real time results of GPS coordinates on the map are shown in Figure 9 which shows the effectiveness of the proposed system. IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The proposed system provides the promising and reliable output. The tracking system using GPS and GSM modules may enable the rail department to safeguard the human life from accidents. The position and the current status of the signal in the signal post are directly transmitted to the train and can be displayed on the screen. In future this work may be extended for automation and driver-less train using GPS, GSM and GPRS techniques. Real time data of moving trains like speed and current location may be tracked and monitored at the control station. Such real-time information can be utilized for system upgrade so as to avert accidents due to natural calamities such as landslide and cyclone. An additional geographic sensor and interface with geographic information system may be required for the same. Furthermore the analysis of such data is bound to provide us with much deeper insight as to why such accidents take place. Learning from such an analysis can be applied to the system, further improving it over time as their data is collected and studied. REFERENCES [1]. N. V. Chawale, P. J. Kadam, S. N. Khodke, P. L. Thakre P.S. Borkhade, K. A. Dhobale ZigBee and RFID Based Train Tracking System International Journal of Thesis Projects and Dissertations, Vol. 2, Issue 2, PP (1-3), April June 2014. [2]. G. K. Dwivedy performance of new technologies in signalling systems on indian railwaysIRSE, 2012. [3]. S. Uvaraja and R. V. Prashanth Advanced Pre-Warning System (Railways) International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 2, April 2012. [4]. R.I. Rajkumar, P. E. Sankaranarayanan, and G.Sundari Real Time Wireless based Train Tracking, Track Identification and Collision avoidance System for Railway Sectors International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology (IJARCET) Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2014. [5]. T. Takashige Railway technology today 8 signaling systems for safe railway transport japan railway and transport system 1999. [6]. K.vidyasagar, P.S. babu,R.R.Prasad, Train Tracking and the signaling system using IR and RF technology International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 119 No.23, June 2015. [7]. R. Takagi Synchronisation control of trains on the railway track controlled by the moving block signalling system Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp.130-138, September 2012. [8]. Q. Gu , T. Tang and F. Ma Energy-Efficient Train Tracking Operation Based on Multiple Optimization Models IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 882 892, March 2016

Conflict Analysis Essay

Conflict is a difference, a disagreement or clash between ideas, principles or people. In conflict management there are issues that center on interpersonal conflict. This type of conflict is a disagreement between individuals that are connected and explains how what one person does has an impact or effect of the other. 1A PERSONS INVOLVED Sheila (my assistant for 14 years) Valerie (hired as Customer Community Relations Representative) The relationship between these two individuals was great; for 2 years they commonly worked on events together and wouldn’t perceive them as interfering on each other’s turf. Sometimes their workloads would overlap but they were able to work together and get them completed. These two individuals would both work in the same space while engaging in small talk. They often spoke about things each had in common with the other such as their faith, volunteer work, school functions and goals. They acted as though they had never worked together. !B CONFLICT SCENE On Feb. 10th I had the opportunity to facilitate a group session of 11 managers at our main office from 3-5pm to discuss people issues. Sheila attended as usually to work the power Point. At the end of the session most of the people who attended wanted copies of the power Point, however if we just printed the power point it would be in black and white. Therefore, Sheila said quote† Simone I need to use the front desk computer to print in color is that O.K.?† I responded â€Å"Yes†. During the time Sheila used the computer the people that attended the centralized people meeting  was sitting down waiting for their rides. I’m in the conference room packing up while Sheila is getting color printed copies for everyone. This wasn’t something that was planned because it was a holiday. Sheila and I were supposed to be the only two staff in the office at that time. Ms. Valerie dropped by to pick up some papers from the conference room and says to me Quote† I could have done that presentation for you†. I responded† Really, I didn’t think of that because I’ve always used Sheila assist me. Ms. Valerie then left the room. In my opinion this was an informal act and Ms. Valerie’s interaction with Sheila stem from more personal than official relationship. She was focused on Sheila not on how they work together to get things done. Although most of the people had left there were still a few around and it didn’t look good to observe two leaders of our company having a misunderstanding. 1CWHAT TRANSPIRED? Through the glass doors of the conference room I could see something wasn’t right near the front door. I noticed that all the others were gone except Sheila and Ms. Valerie. I could barely hear but, I could see negative gestures coming from Ms. Valerie. Her body language told me she was angry because she was leaning forward with her hand on her hip. Sheila on the other hand, facial expression was of, oh my god what did I do. She looked uncertain and I could tell didn’t want to argue, she looked as though she wanted to avoid the conflict. I saw her twirl around and walk away. Soon after we left the office but I didn’t speak about. Until the next day, I received an email from the office manager about the usage of the computers. The words used in the email had a huge impact on the message that I received, I wanted to just bring my keys to the office and never be there alone again. The choice of words was powerful enough to provoke my trust. So powerful I didn’t even respond to the email. I was totally surprised, this has never happened before. I called Sheila and later that day she explained to me the issue between her and Ms. Valerie, that as Ms. Valerie was leaving she made a statement† You know you shouldn’t be on that computer, there could be legal things you shouldn’t be looking at†. 1D SURFACE PROBLEM In my opinion the surface problem was my choice of words† I always use Sheila to assist me†. The words I used probably made her feel worthless, like she wasn’t good enough. I could have said â€Å"Thanks for letting me know I will let you know next time I facilitate a session†. I would also say the problem could stem from Ms. Valerie needing fulfillment, being part of the sessions would give her recognition because she is passionate about her role. 1EUNDERLYING PROBEM The real problem is that Ms. Valerie is new; she is also the Owners sister and her roles and responsibilities are still unclear and when a person doesn’t have defined responsibilities they tend to want to get into anything to keep busy. Therefore, the Owner needs to make sure that she has a clear cut defined tasks and authority boundaries . In my opinion it wasn’t her place to tell the office manager(Owners Wife) before she actually spoke to myself if she felt that there was some kind of ethic violation. 1F WHICH CONFLICT STRATEGIES WERE EMPLOYED BY EACH PARTICIPANT? a. Cognitive assessment of the situation b. Personality and communication competence No, the next day we both received a text from Ms. Valerie that stated† I TOLD SO WHAT OF IT†. That statement alone confirmed she thought about her own needs and she had dealt with the situation because of who she was related to not her title. 1GOUTCOME The outcome was negative. The next day there was gossip within the organization and the spread of misinformation. This caused Sheila to call the office and ask who said things about her. Then Ms. Valerie contacted her again and told her she did. There was no winner or loser because the situation tainted both relationships and when they finally appeared in the same room it caused an uncomfortable atmosphere. 1H VARIABLES In my opinion arguing is normal, but we have to be careful when arguing because sometimes an argument can hide a much bigger problem. The style and the way we argue can speak volumes towards the way we actually feel. The most important aspect of WIN/WIN is how we handle the argument. Therefore, I think that LISTENING, FACE ENHANCING rather than face attacking and UNDERSTANDING the what/why the other person is saying is a major issue. 2A-2B LEARNINGS of CONFLICT For everything that is still going on wrong with relationships, how we act and think, I am still learning slowly about how to do things better. I am more aware there is some level of differences when the conflict involves two or more people. However, the true disagreement versus what is perceived maybe different from the other person because of our senses. As a matter of fact, this class has taught me that conflict is mostly accompanied by misunderstandings and if we can just understand the truth of the disagreement it will help us solve the right problem and manage the needs of both individuals. This course objectives, lectures and textbook â€Å"The essentials of Human Communication† by Joseph DeVito has taught me that perception doesn’t act alone. It is peoples behaviors, feelings and body language that enhances the threats when there is an disagreement. We must continue to learn how to work on the issues and develop strategies or solutions to manage the disagreement and at the same time manage the conflict. I learned that although this conflict was between two people I was surprisingly a party to it. I just wasn’t included in the disagreement. This conflict was interpersonal. Interpersonal conflict will occasionally happen in the workplace due to natural differences in personalities, beliefs and work ethics. It mostly happens in the workplace and is sometimes more complex because it involves needs, interests, threats and concerns. They also involve ongoing relationships and emotions. This analysis is about an ethical situation that caused an interpersonal conflict which in my opinion was due to jealousy, competition and vicious gossip. REFERENCES DeVito, J.(2014). Essentials Of Human Communication Workplace resolution Conflict Strategies Retreived by:http://www.livestrong.com

The World s Advancement Of The Beauty Industry - 2455 Words

In specifically America, the desire to be considered beautiful has taken over the lives of many individuals. The aspiration to be perfect comes from the immense pressure put on women by society. Individuals are trying to avoid the aging process by getting multiple plastic surgeries done in order to stay  ¨beautiful ¨ and  ¨young ¨. But does being beautiful mean that one has to alter the natural way they appear into something one is not? In our society today, this may perhaps prove to be valid. Everyday an ordinary person sees beautiful faces placed on billboards, magazine covers, television and the media. Even though in most cases photoshop is involved to alter one s physical looks, women, young or old, feel discouraged and form a drive to†¦show more content†¦Due to this fact, many women in Connecticut are seeking alternatives. Instead of paying a lot of money for professional surgery, they are getting the procedures done in hotel rooms and traveling out of the coun try. (Walker). However, this is very dangerous in numerous ways since it can cause major health problems. Doctors may not follow safety precautions such as reusing needles which could spread HIV, Hepatitis and other diseases. Although surgery alters one’s appearance, it can be very helpful for those who would like to transition from their original gender to the one they feel like they identify with. Samantha, who was originally a man but now a woman, shares her story of how plastic surgery helped her transition. When she was just 18 years old, she traveled from Connecticut to Colombia to get breast implants and a nose job. Afterwards, she went to Mexico where she got injections to plump her bottom. These instances where Samantha got cosmetic procedures were not safe since they were done in a different country and in unsafe places, such as hotels.(Walker). Samantha put her life into the hands of individuals whose credentials she had not verified. If by chance something took a wrong turn during the procedure, the clinic did not have any equipment to properly help her. However, the only reason Samantha chose this path instead of going to a safe hospital was because she could not afford it. Samantha states, â€Å"It’s always about saving money† but

A Moratorium On Federal Funding - 861 Words

The Department of Health and Human Services maintained a moratorium on federal funding for research on embryos and fetuses, as well as in vitro fertilization, until President Clinton issued an executive order lifting it in 1993 (Scott p.153). However, Congress banned federal funding for human embryo research by adding legislation known as the Dickey-Wicker Amendment to every appropriations bill for the National Institutes of Health since 1995, making it impossible for the President to overturn the ban without also cutting the cash flow to the NIH (Scott p.154). This restriction remains in place today. On August 9, 2001, President Bush â€Å"clarifies which human embryonic stem cells can be used under federal funding rules† by stating that any lines derived from excess IVF blastocysts before his announcement are eligible for grants (Hopkins 2005). Then in 2009, President Obama lifted the made-before restriction for stem cell lines but maintained the ban on creation and destru ction of embryos for research purposes (Madison.com 2009). With all these restrictions and complications, many scientists started to consider moving their research to countries with more liberal stem cell policies, such as Australia, Japan, and the United Kingdom. To combat this potential brain drain and create jobs within their own borders, states began to enact laws promoting stem cell research. Most notable is California, who in 2004 pledged to spend $3 billion on stem cell research, and gave itShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research has the Potential to Alleviate Much Suffering1425 Words   |  6 Pages the federal panel approved federal funding of embryonic research; however, the Department of Health and Human Services urged them not to end the moratorium, as it would be likely that embryonic stem cell research would lead to more abortions. 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Should Renewable Energy Be A Higher Concern Four Or...

The energy in our country is suffering, we have been powering with inefficient sources for years now and the harm that it is doing to the country has started to become apparent. Renewables are the only way to stop, or at the very least set back the inevitable downfall of our ecosystem. I think that the next big breakthrough for renewable energy is implementing off-grid communities that use renewable sources as their main sources of power, so that we can potentially escape the energy rut that we got ourselves stuck in. America is wasting their finite resource, such as coal and nuclear when we could actually be using renewable sources. Most of our countries citizens either have never thought about where their energy comes or they do not†¦show more content†¦In 2012, NREL found that together, renewable energy sources have the technical potential to supply 482,247 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually. This amount is 118 times the amount of electricity the nation currently consumes. However, it is important to note that not all of this technical potential can be tapped due to conflicting land use needs, the higher short-term costs of those resources, constraints on ramping up their use such as limits on transmission capacity, barriers to public acceptance, and other hurdles.† (*Add citation) (*Unfinished paragraph). It is a widely accepted fact that renewable energy would be highly beneficial to our country and the general well being of those living in our country. Instilling this new way of energy usage into our communities will inevitably increase the state of living for those in cities and other well populated areas. The change to renewable energy sources could drastically lower the pollutants currently being dispersed into the atmosphere by coal mines and other harmful power options, increasing the supply of renewable energy would allow us to replace carbon-intensive energy sources and significantly reduce U.S. global warming emissions†¦ a 25 percent by 2025 national renewable electricity standard would lower power plant CO2 emissions 277 million metric tons annually by 2025—the

2008 Ap English (Rhetorical Strategies) Free Essays

Barry expresses his use of rhetorical strategies through is book The Great Influenza, using anaphora, metaphors, tone, contrast, imagery, word choice, repetition of words, and ethos to drive his claim that being a scientist requires dealing with a huge amount of uncertainty, and takes courage, patience, and curiosity to succeed. Barry starts off with a comparison, an antithetical concept: certainty vs. uncertainty. We will write a custom essay sample on 2008 Ap English (Rhetorical Strategies) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with a universal truth, defining complete opposites, intensifies the revelation of the paradox in the second paragraph that scientists thrive on uncertainty. His use of anaphora further solidifies the wisdom that certainty is positive and uncertainty negative. As he goes on talking about what is required to become a scientist he uses a rather common strategy classification, as he lists traits, receiving the highest order of these traits are intelligence, curiosity, and purpose. â€Å"It is not the courage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"It is the courage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is yet another use of anaphora to refine connotations associated with â€Å"courage† through negation of common concepts. Ending his second paragraph with reference to Claude Bernard, Barry is using the famous rhetorical strategy ethos. On the third paragraph he is still talking about scientists but he switches from â€Å"To be a scientist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to â€Å"A Scientist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  changing from abstraction to practical. In this paragraph he also uses another reference to someone known and praised in the science world, this time Einstein. This could be looked at as ethos but also as an appeal to an authority. Initiating the thought of if he didn’t do it why should we. As he talks about how scientist could lose their â€Å"works† and â€Å"even beliefs† leaving them only to â€Å"believe in the process of inquiry† I take on pathos because that is powerful to think about losing everything, that definitely takes courage. But as he ends with â€Å"To move.. † your left with a hopeful tone. You could lose everything but you keep moving on. The next paragraph uses great rhetorical strategies, allusion, simile, and metaphor to build on top of each other creating intensity. â€Å"Through the looking glass† is an allusion suggesting going into a world that isn’t real r doesn’t appear to be. This leads to the simile â€Å"like a crystal†, which suggestion setting off a chain of events beyond the control of a scientist. Then ends with a metaphor â€Å"off a cliff† suggesting some steps could mean the end. As he proceeds to talk about a scientist career style of a scientist, he presents imagery of a scientist a work by creating a slight example with a shovel digging up dirt, asking a series of question to represent the thought process of a scientist. This imagery continues on to the next paragraph, and then in his ending paragraph the tone shifts. Not at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is a negation of previous paragraphs reminding you what is common to scientist’s id not in all scientists. The reputation of â€Å"experiments† and â€Å"yield†, changing the meaning: first meaning to produce as in â€Å"yielding a bumper crop† to suggest giving up as in â€Å"yielding to a superior force† Through Barry’s use of all of these rhetorical strategies, it is clear Barry is aware of the uncertainty science contains and the courage and strength it takes scientists to deal with this, and keep moving forward. How to cite 2008 Ap English (Rhetorical Strategies), Papers

Medias Effect on Body Image free essay sample

How realistic is the medias presentation of women? Women and men come In all shapes and size, yet constantly the media presents us with only one Image a very slender and unrealistic one. Only a small percentage of women actually look that way naturally. We forget when looking at these pictures that the best lighting and photographic equipment, hours with make-up artists and wardrobe assistants have been necessary to make these women look so natural. What is the media trying to do by constantly presenting us with unrealistic images?Deliberately convince us that we are not good enough as we are. To make us believe that in order to be happy, successful and popular we must change we must try and mirror the media image. Because for most of us our size, shape and facial features are not represented on the screen or in the magazines we begin to feel as though we are not good enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Medias Effect on Body Image or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We begin to believe that we need to change, that we should not be happy with our current appearances. What do you think is gained by having us believe that we need to change ourselves?There Is BIG money to be made In the name of Image creation. Large industries are flourishing because we have come to believe that we need their products and services In order to be wanted, needed, loved, happy and successful. Just think of all the cosmetics. Diet books, dietary products, dieting agencies, cosmetic surgeries the number of businesses which are thriving simply because we have been made to feel inadequate as we naturally are. How would these businesses survive if we were left to feel happy with ourselves? How does this all effect us?We are of course all affected in varying degrees. The pressure to feel dissatisfied with ourselves can lead to low self-esteem, even self-hatred. Some of us become obsessed with striving to achieve the media image. This can be time consuming, expensive and emotionally damaging and lead to physical Ill-health. Far from promoting health and happiness, these media Images encourage Illness. Some of us feel guilty when eating or swimming In public because out bodies are not good enough. Many turn to disordered eating patterns. Many have died as a result.How successful do you feel the media has been in convincing you and your friends that you need to change? Think about how differently you would feel about yourself if the slim media image was replaced with a wide variety of shapes and sizes just like the real world? What can you do about all this? Think carefully about the points raised here. Talk them over with your friends we are all being pressured by the media. We all want to be loved, desired, happy, feel needed and wanted but are those things that can really be bought, copied, or manufactured?Do happiness and popularity really come from a diet sheet, a pot of face cream or from a painful cosmetic surgery procedure? Suggestions Perhaps you and your friends can agree to help each other overcome media pressure by not encouraging each others diet and food fads, advo cating certain body shapes or endorsing right and wrong body shapes. Reduce the talk of losing weight and changing shape. Try not to wonder what your ideal body shape is and think more look at different shapes and sizes in a new light for what they are that there are many different types of beautiful.